Studied by 2 people
hypothalamus
controls pituitary (master) gland; monitors blood chemistry, controls motivated behaviors; LIMBIC SYSTEM
pituitary gland
controls all other glands; releases hormones
pineal gland
controls sleep and wake patterns
thyroid gland
located near the base of the neck; controls metabolism
adrenal gland
either pair of complex endocrine glands situated near the kidney; releases adrenaline
pancreas
a large elongated exocrine gland located behind the stomach; secretes pancreatic juice and insulin; regulates sugar in the blood
ovary
female sex hormones
testes
male sex hormones
dendrite
short fiber that conducts toward the cell body of the neuron; stimulated into activity
axon
long nerve fiber that conducts away from the cell body of the neuron; the path of electrical impulse
myelin sheath
fatty tissue that insulates the axon; speeds electrical impulse
axon terminal
end of neuron; releases NT into synapse
synapse
the junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle; tiny gaps between dendrites and axon terminals
vesicle
tiny, spherical packets with an axon terminal that contain high levels of NT; located in the axon terminal
cell body/soma
contains the nucleus
endorphin
blocks pain
dopamine
releases pleasure and rewarding sensations
norepinepherine
regulates stress and blood pressure; promotes alertness; depression
epinephrine
high stress situations; fight or flight; epi-pen
acetylcholine (ACH)
contracts muscles, memory, and learning; alzheimers
serotonin
regulates mood, hunger, and sleep
GABA
helps you relax
glutamate
thinking, learning, and memory; need just the right amount
medulla oblongata
lower or hindmost part of the brain; continuous with spinal cord; life sustaining functions
pons
facial movements; left to right side of the brain
reticular formation
within medulla and pons; controls arousal, alertness, and wakefulness
cerebellum
rear of the brain stem; coordinates voluntary movement, balance, non verbal learning and memory
thalamus
top of brainstem; receives info from all senses except smell; the info goes to cerebellum and medulla
amygdala
top of brainstem; influences aggression and fear; activated by emotions
hippocampus
top pf brainstem; keeps track of memories
occipital lobe
very back of the skull towards the bottom; vision center
parietal lobe
top rear area of the skull; sensory cortex (sense of touch)
temporal lobe
side area, by the temples; earing
frontal lobe
front area, speaking and motor activities, planning, judging, problem solving
corpus callosum
connects the hemispheres
left hemisphere
controls the right side of the body; math and logic
right hemisphere
controls the left side of the body; creativity, music, art
aphasia
loss of impairment to understand language or express oneself through language due to injury or illness
types of neurons
sensory (afferent) motor (efferent)
interneurons
communicate and intervene between sensory inputs and motor outputs; billions of these
reflex
an automatic instinctive unlearned reaction to a stimulus; occurs at spinal cord; message doesn't travel to the brain for it to happen
glial cell
not considered neuron but they do a lot to support the neuron; ex) myelin sheath
neural communication
neurons are either excited or inhibited (all or nothing)
"excited neuron"
action potential traveled down the axon and is propagated by the opening and closing of sodium, and potassium "gates"
CT
head traumas and fractures; x-ray photos
PET
emission; active/inactive parts of the brain
MRI
magnetic; soft tissue in your brain and blood flow
EEG
electrical waves; detects seizures
agonist
molecule that mimics the effects of a NT or blocks the reuptake of a NT so the effects are prolonged
antagonist
molecule that inhibits a NT release; stops the action of the NT
central nervous system
the portion of the vertebrate nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord
peripheral nervous system
the section of the nervous system lying outside the brain and spinal cord
somatic
controls sense organs and voluntary muscles
autonomic
automatic bodily responses
sympathetic nervous system
network of nerves that initiate the fight or flight; heightened
parasympathetic nervous system
regulates rest and digest functions; relaxed
Note
Flashcard