apsc 3064 exam 1

differences between lagomorphs and rodents

lagomorphs: two pairs of upper incisors, peg teeth, one layer of enamel no pigment, herbivores, no penis bone; rodents: no peg teeth, double enamel with yellow pigment, not all herbivores, has penis bone (baculum)

functional anatomy

anatomical structure and its function in the body

comparative anatomy

similarities and differences in body structures of different species

comparative physiology

similarities and differences in vital processes of different species

physiological age in dogs/cats

weight impacts age; beyond 5yrs old a 1yr increase = 4/5yr increase in human years

pupillary light reflex

bright light pointed at one eye at a time, both pupils should constrict with eye light is pointed at constricting more (direct) than other eye (indirect/consensual); uses afferent and efferent pathways; used to evaluate SUBCORTICAL reflex, not cerebral cortex

menace response

learned response not a reflex thus does not bypass cortex; used to check cerebral cortex function

tissues, organs, body systems

made up of cells with common structure and function; made up of groups of tissues; made up of groups of organs with common task

tissues

epithelial, connective, nervous, muscle

sagittal vs median planes

sagittal: left and right division lengthwise but not equal halves; median: left and right division lengthwise equal halves

dorsal cavity

cranial (brain) and vertebral (spinal cord)

ventral cavity

thoracic (lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, vessels, nerves), abdominal (kidneys, GI tract), pelvic (rectum)

peritoneal cavity

space between parietal peritoneum and visceral peritoneum

ascites

accumulation of fluid in peritoneal cavity (over 25mL)

transudate

exudate