Conflict and tension part 3

All of conflict and tension p3 summarised :D

Hitler’s aims

Hitler’s aims

Defeat communism

Abolish ToV

Expand German territory

Unite German speakers

MGGA

The Dolfuss affair

1934

Dolfuss bans nazi party in austria

hitler sends austrian nazis to cause havoc in austria

Dolfuss ends up getting killed

hitler realises he needs italian support to gain control of austria, and then later gets control of austria

germany now had 7,000,000 more people, a bigger army, and useful resources from austria (eg; steel, iron)

managed to surround Czechoslovakia on 3 fronts

The Saar

1935

Saar region of germany given over to LON after WWI cus of ToV

90% of people in the Saar voted to return to Germany

Saar was a major source of Germanys coal, so they had easier access to energy

German rearmament and conscription

1935

Breaks ToV

solves unemployement

anglo-german naval agreement

rebuild after war

large army to protect themselves

Gives Hitler confidence

Economic reasons for the appeasement of Hitler

training, equipment, and ammo for war was expensive

the govs of britain and france were more concerned with the pressing economic problems within their own countries (inflation, depression, unemployment)

Political reasons for the appeasement of Hitler

LON proved incapable of decisive action to reverse aggression, and their was no working mechanism for other countries to support a stand against Hitler

ToV seen as unfair so there was little moral basis for action to prevent Germany from revising or ignoring the treaty terms

germany could stop growth of communism

Military and strategic reasons for the appeasement of Hitler

Hitler gained military power after the Anschluss, making it less likely for GB and france to be able to defeat them in war

would give GB and france time to re arm

stresa front

alliance between italy, GB, and france against nazi germany

Remilitarisation of the Rhineland

1936

Broke terms of locarno pact and ToV when sending troops into the Rhineland on saturday

politicians didn’t find out until Monday

Everyone distracted by Abyssinian crisis

Franco-soviet pact gets ratified by french gov

Hitler uses this as an excuse to say that Germany felt threatened

France condemns reoccupation of Rhineland and looked to GB to help

France sends troops

Eden(british) flies to france to try and convince them to avoid military action (stresa front was weakened)

GB gov believed germany had a genuine greivance about the Rhineland, and many saw communism as a bigger threat than Germany

The anti Comintern pact

1936

agreement between germany, italy, and japan to stop spread of communism around the globe (mainly aimed at ussr)

Spanish civil war

1936

germany supplied the nationalists with 16,000 men, 100 planes, a lot of money and weapons

one of the main reasons that the nationalists won

helped them bomb Guernica

used the war to prepare his troops

Anchluss of Austria

1938

Shuschnigg (austrian chancellor) bans austrian nazi’s after discovering their sabotage plans

meets hitler to discuss his breach of the 1936 agreement

hitler sees an opportunity as GB is distacted (their foreign minister just resigned) and so is france (their gov is in a crisis)

they meet and hitler demands that the nazi party shouldn’t be restricted and that austrian nazi’s should be given top posts

Shucshnigg returns to austria to implement demands and organised a vote asking austrians if they supported a union with germany

Hitler warned him to cancel the vote and resign or he would invade. Shucshnigg resigned.

Hitler took over Austria in 48 hours using no force, persecution of jews began immediately

Why did Hitler do the Anschluss

Breaks ToV

Germany gains austrias money, population, and army

Gives germany access to Czechoslovakia

Gave germany steel and ore mines for war production

Unites german speakers (as a part of foreign policy)

Gave germany railway access to the Balkans

People who wanted to appease Hitler

Mussolini

Eden (GB foreign secretary)

Daladier (french leader)

People who wanted war against Hitler

Churchill

Benes (Czech president)

Reasons against appeasement

allows germany to grow stronger

scared the ussr

encourages hitler to be more aggressive

Results of appeasement

lets hitler grow stronger

gave GB time to re arm

caused the war by encouraging hitler to do whatever he wanted

no one in central europe trusted britain anymore

Sudetenland crisis

1938

hitler wants all areas from czechoslovakia with 50% germans sudetens. Czechs agree

Hitler changes his mind and now wants the sudetenland by october

munich conference arranged to discuss sudetenland issue

GB, france, germany, and italy meet without ussr (they knew they wouldn’t agree (he was mad after)) or czechoslovakia

they all agreed to german occupation of sudetenland, and german troops occupy it

Hitler and Chamberlain sign an agreement to never be at war with each other again

after this GB and france speed up their rearmament plans and WWII starts within a year

Hitler manages to obtain Bohemia and Moravia too.

Why did Britain and Russia fail to agree on anything after the invasion of Czechoslovakia

Suspicion between leaders

Choice; Stalin would have to send troops to Poland cus GB couldn’t OR peace from Hitler and a part of Poland

Appeasement; Stalin didn’t think that GB could support them

Britain at first refused to meet with Stalin, and then sent someone with no authority

Terms agreed on in Nazi-soviet pact

Time (18 months) for Stalin to prepare for war

Hope that a long war would weaken GB, germany, and france

Unhappy with Britan (germany felt insulted)

Germany would give Stalin a huge part of Poland

War

1939

germany invades poland

chamberlain fails to arrange a peace conference

GB declares war on germany

USSR invades poland

Causes of WWII

harsh ToV

depression

appeasement