How did William deal with rebellions in the south? 1067-69

Who had submitted to William by December 1066?

Morcar (earl of Northumbria), Edwin (earl of Mercia), Stigand and Ealdred and Edgar the Aetheling

What is the process of replacing important Saxon positions?

Normanisation

How did William develop England to his advantage?

He built castles as a base for trade and security

What was the name of the land ownership system that William introduced?

The feudal system

What does feudal mean?

Bound by an oath to the person above you in the hierarchy

Why does William need a coronation

To have a legitimate takeover

What year was the Kent rebellion?

1067

Who was the leader of the Kent rebellion and what was their relevance to William?

Eustace of Boulogne, he was William's standard bearer at the Battle of Hastings

Who were William's first two regents?

Odo of Bayeaux and William Fitz Osborn

What is the relation between Odo of Bayeaux and William?

Half-brothers

Who did Odo become?

The earl of Kent

What were the aims of the Kent rebellion?

Eustace's personal desire for power and rewards following his service in 1066

What did the Dover castle garrison do in response?

They easily tore the rebels to pieces, small pockets of military control allow for a quick response

What was William's initial policy of conciliation?

William promised to rule in accordance with the laws of Edward the Confessor and in conjunction with traditional elites

How was the failure of the Kent rebellion down to leadership? (2)

Edgar the Aetheling, the northern earls and Harold's children were too young and inexperienced to lead a national rebellion. Eustace's personal aims did not resonate with the people of Kent

What did the Kent rebellion lack that lead to its failure?

Lack of English resistance due to the shock of defeat and substantial losses to the warrior class (1066)

What did wealthy thegns do that lead to the failure of the Kent rebellion?

The thegns accepted the new regime in order to preserve their estates

What year was the Exeter rebellion?

1068

Who were the leaders of the Exeter rebellion?

Gytha (Harold's mother) and the English rebels and exiles

Which foreign king supported the English exiles and rebels?

King Sweyn of Denmark

What caused the Exeter rebellion?

The Normans increased taxation to fund their occupation and the people wanted to reverse the Battle of Hastings

What was not developed in Devon before the rebellion that existed in Kent?

A castle or garrison

Which part of William's response emphasised the severity of the rebellion?

William travelled across a dangerous sea crossing from Normandy to England in 1067

How many knights did William have?

500

How did William assess the rebels' progress?

He examined rebel fortifications

What did William do in January 1068?

He marched his forces into Devon

What was significant about William's troops?

It included English troops raised under the Anglo-Saxon levy system, shows how many men and women had adjusted to the new reality

What did William order the troops to do to Exeter?

They besieged the city walls and attempted to storm it

What did William do to hostages?

He took then to the city gates and blinded them

What did William establish after the Kent rebellion?

A castle

Why did the Exeter rebellion fail?

They failed to rally support which ended the 18-day siege

What happened in the summer of 1068?

Three of Harold's sons crossed over from Ireland to raid, they attempted to storm Bristol but were beaten off by local English forces

What two things happened in the summer of 1069?

Men from Somerset and Devon lay siege to a new castle at Montacute and Harold's sons launched a second raid from Ireland

How many ships did Harold's sons have for their second raid?

60

Who did William rely on to restore order in 1069?

Count Brian of Brittany and Bishop Geoffrey of Coutances