Quick Study for Somatic Cell Division & DNA Replication Test

What are the three parts of a nucleotide of DNA?

nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and 5 carbon sugar

Which nitrogenous bases are complementary to one another?

cytosine - guanine and adenine - thymine

What functional group is attached to the 3rd carbon of deoxyribose?

hydroxyl group

What functional group is attached to the 5th carbon of deoxyribose?

phosphate group

What is the name of the process that doubles the genetic information prior to cell division?

DNA Replication

What type of bonds does helicase break between the nitrogenous bases of the two strands in DNA?

hydrogen bonds

DNA polymerase is said to build nucleotide strands from the 5" to 3" direction. Why can this enzyme only add nucleotides to the 3' end of a polynucleotide strand?

can only add where hydroxyl group is

What is the end result of DNA replication?

chromosomes have 2 sister chromatids, held together at centromere

What is the difference between a somatic cell and a gamete?

somatic cells = body cells

gametes = sex cells

Why does somatic cell division happen?

for increase in body cells and for growth and repair

What is cytokinesis?

division of parent cells cytoplasm and organelles

When does DNA replication happen?

during the S phase of interphase

Where in the cell does DNA replication happen?

nucleus

After DNA replication, what would a chromosome look like?

pair of chromosomes each with one chromatid

What are homologous chromosomes?

paired chromosomes

The sister chromatids are moving apart

anaphase

the nucleolus begins to fade from view

prophase

a new nuclear membrane is forming around the chromosomes

telephase

the cytoplasm of the cell is being divided

telophase

the chromosomes become invisible

telophase

the chromosomes are located at the equator of the cell

metaphase

the nuclear membrane begins to fade from view

prophase

the division (cleavage) furrow appears

late anaphase or telephase

the chromosomes are moving towards the poles of the cell

anaphase

chromatids line up along the equator

metaphase

the spindle is formed

prophase

chromosomes are not visible

interphase

cytokinesis is completed

telophase

the cell plate is completed

telophase

chromosomes are replicated

interphase

the reverse of prophase

telophase

What phase are daughter cells in as a result of mitosis?

interphase

During what phase of mitosis do centromeres divide and the chromosomes move toward their respective poles?

anaphase

what is the phase where chromatin condenses to form chromosomes?

prophase

what is the name of the structure that connects the two chromotids?

centromere

in a chromosome pair connected by a centromere, what is each individual chromosomes called?

chromatid

what are the two parts of the cell division?

cytokinesis and mitosis

what structure forms in prophase along which the chromosomes move?

spindle fiber

what phase of mitosis is the last phase that chromatids are together?

metaphase

which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by a non-dividing cell?

interphase

what structure is produced when protein fibers radiate from centrioles?

spindle fiber

what forms across the center fo a cell near the end of telophase?

cell plate

the period of cell growth and development between mitotic divisions?

interphase