Bone Tissues and Anatomy Overview

Epiphysis

Ends of long bones, contains articular cartilage.

Metaphysis

Growth zone between epiphysis and diaphysis.

Diaphysis

Shaft of the bone, provides diameter.

Proximal Epiphysis

End of bone closest to torso.

Distal Epiphysis

End of bone farthest from torso.

Articular Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage covering bone ends at joints.

Spongy Bone

Loose bone tissue, contains red marrow.

Red Marrow

Site of blood cell production in bones.

Endosteum

Inner surface of bone, aids remodeling.

Compact Bone

Dense outer layer of bone structure.

Medullary Cavity

Hollow center of bone, contains yellow marrow.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Fat storage within the medullary cavity.

Periosteum

Outer layer, attachment point for muscles.

Skeletal System

Composed of bones, cartilage, and ligaments.

Bone Functions

Support, protection, movement, electrolyte balance.

Calcium Carbonate

Released to neutralize blood acidity.

Calcium Ions

Primary mineral for electrolyte balance.

Hematopoiesis

Production of blood cells in bone.

Bone Tissue

Connective tissue undergoing mineralization.

Mineralization

Hardening process through calcium phosphate deposition.

Bone (Organ)

Group of tissues including osseous tissue.

Bone (Tissue)

Group of cells with extracellular matrix.

Compact vs. Spongy Bone

Compact is dense; spongy is loose and flexible.

Tribacular

Another term for trabecular bone.

Compact Bone

75% of skeleton, provides protection.

Spongy Bone

25% of skeleton, absorbs shock.

Diploe

Spongy bone in cranial bones.

Red Bone Marrow

Produces red blood cells in bones.

Trabeculae

Thin bony structures in spongy bone.

Mechanical Stress Distribution

Aligns stress lines to resist forces.

Diaphysis

Long shaft of a long bone.

Medullary Cavity

Hollow space containing bone marrow.

Epiphysis

Enlarged ends of long bones.

Metaphysis

Region where diaphysis meets epiphysis.

Growth Plate

Cartilage allowing longitudinal bone growth.

Articular Cartilage

Covers joint surfaces for smooth movement.

Nutrient Foramina

Holes allowing blood vessels and nerves access.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Stores lipids and fat in bones.

Epiphyseal Plate

Cartilage area enabling bone lengthening.

Epiphyseal Line

Scar left after growth plate closure.

Periosteum

Connective tissue covering outer bone surface.

Osteogenic Cells

Stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.

Perforating Fibers

Collagen fibers connecting periosteum to bone.

Endosteum

Inner lining of the medullary cavity.

Compact Bone

Lines marrow cavity and canals for blood vessels.

Spongy Bone

Covers honeycombed surfaces of bones.

Osteogenic Cells

Stem cells that produce osteoblasts.

Osteoblasts

Bone builders that create bone matrix.

Osteocytes

Maintenance cells managing bone matrix.

Osteoclasts

Cells that dissolve bone matrix.

Medullary Cavity

Hollow center of long bones.

Yellow Bone Marrow

Adipose tissue in long bones of adults.

Red Bone Marrow

Produces blood cells in specific adult locations.

Hypothermia

Condition where yellow marrow can revert to red.

Anemic

Condition of low red blood cell count.

Bone Matrix

Composite material of inorganic and organic components.

Hydroxyapatite

Crystallized calcium phosphate providing bone hardness.

Collagen Fibers

Organic component providing flexibility to bone.

Osteon

Structural unit of compact bone.

Haversian Canal

Central canal for blood vessels and nerves.

Perforating Canals

Connect central canals to periosteum.

Spicules

Small spines in spongy bone structure.

Trabeculae

Plates forming the structure of spongy bone.

Lacunae

Small spaces housing osteocytes in bone.

Canaliculi

Tiny channels for communication between osteocytes.

Bone Remodeling

Process of growth, repair, and reshaping of bone.