Chemistry - Classification of Matter

5 Parts of Particle theory (PISAM)

1. All matter is made of Particles

2. The particles in a given substance are Identical

3. There are Spaces between the particles

4. The particles Attract one another

5. The particles are Moving

Solid to Gas

Sublimination

Gas to Solid

Deposition

Solid to Liquid

Melting

Liquid to Solid

Freezing

Liquid to Gas

Evaporation

Gas to Liquid

Condensation

Solid

• Particles are vert close

• Strong attraction

• Vibration only back and forth

• Energy of motion is small compared to forces of attract

Liquid

• Particles are close

• Particles can slide past each other

• Energy of motion is small compared to forces of attraction

Gas

• Particles are very far apart

• Particles move rapidly

• Forces of attraction are almost zero compared to energy of motion

Force of Attraction

The closer the particles are, the stronger the attraction

Energy of Motion

When heat is added to particles, they move more

Elements

A simple substance that cannot be broken down into smaller parts or changed into another substance, it is on the periodic table and has ONE phase (PURE SUBSTANCE) It is made of a single atom

Compounds

a substance made from two or more different elements that have been chemically joined, can be broken down chemically, ONE phase, (PURE SUBSTANCE) a pure substance because it is made up of the same type of particle, but each particle is a molecule that is made of two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together (h₂0 2 part H 1 part O)

2 Types Of Pure Substances

Elements and Compounds

2 Types of mixtures

Homogenous (Solutions), Heterogeneous (Mechanical)

Pure Substance

All particles are the same in the substance

Homogeneous Mixture (Solution)

A mixture where the ingredients are mixed together so well that you can't see the different parts, looks like one substance (Ex., Kool Aid)

Heterogeneous Mixture (Mechanical)

A mixture where the components are not uniform and can be seen as separate, can see the parts (Ex., soup, pizza)

Solutions

Made up of a solute and a solvent

Solute

A part that dissolves in the solvent

Solvent

What the solute dissolves in

Classification of matter

1. Is it on the Periodic Table (Element)

2. Does it have a chemical first and last name (Compound)

3. Does it have 2 components but one phase (Solution)

4. Does it have 2 components and 2 phases (Heterogenous)

Exceptions: Some compounds have common names like water, sugar and salt