REQUIRED PRACTICALS: PAPER 1

Require practical 1: making salts

Required practical 2: neutralization

Required practucal 3: electrolysis of aqueous solution.

Required practical 4; temperature change in reactions

Titration

• use a pipette to transfer 25cm3 of sodium hydroxide solution (base) into a conical flask (helps reduce splashing)

• Add five drops of indicator such as methyl orange to the alkali in conical flask

• Place conical flask on a white tile so colour change can be seen more clearly

• Fill a burette with acid

• Add acid to the alkali until the solution is neutral we need to add just enough acid to see this colour change. Once we start to see a colour change we now add the acid drop by drop until the solution is neutral. It is important to swirl so acid and base mix ( orange to red)

• Read volume of acid added from the burette