ovel mock exam

Which of the following structures is used as a sonographic landmark in locating the gallbladder

main lobar fissure

what condition is the m/c cause for acute pancreatitis

biliary disease

gerotas fascia provides a protective covering around which organ

kidney

increased pressure within the portosplenic venous system will most likely lead to which condition

portal hypertension

normal diameter of MPV should not exceed

1.3 cm

integrity of which structures is evaluated with the Thompson test

calf muscles

a small hyperechoic pancreas is identified on US. This is most suspicious for

chronic pancreatitis

which sonographic finding is consistent with an echinococcal cyst

septated cystic mass

a predisposing risk factor associated with development of cholangiocarcinoma may include a history of

ulcerative colitis

a synovial cyst located in the medial popliteal fossa describes

bakers cyst

normal caliber of SMA should not exceed

1.0 cm

a patient presents with history of abdominal pain and lower-extremity edema. An ultrasound is requested to rule out Budd-Chiari syndrome. The sonographer should thoroughly evaluate which organs

liver

which structure divides the left lobe into two segments

left hepatic vein and ligamentum teres

cholecytsokinin is stimulated after food reaches the

duodenum

the gallbladder is located on the posterior surface of the liver and

anterior to the right kidney

the pyloric canal is located is considered abnormal when the length exceeds

17 mm

a patient presents with a history of severe back pain, weight loss, painless jaundice. An abnormality in which organ is most likely to correlate with these symptoms

pancreas

the popliteal artery is considered dilated after diameter exceeds

1.0 cm

which structure surrounds the liver

glissons capsule

which condition is associated with Mirizzi syndrome

impacted stone in cystic duct

a spaghetti-like echogenic tubular structure within a bile duct is a sono finding associated with

ascariasis

gallbladder wall thickening is not a sono finding in

hyperalbuminemia

the whipple procedure is a surgical resection of which organs

pancreas

a fluid collection caused by extravasated bile is termed the

biloma

renal artery stenosis is suggested after the renal artery to aortic ratio exceeds

3.5

which of the following peritoneal spaces most commonly demonstrates ascites

suhepatic

which of the following structures lies within the anterior pararenal space

pancreas

the crura of the diaphragm are located

posterior to the IVC and anterior to the abdominal aorta

splenomegaly is a consistent finding in which liver pathology

portal hypertension

carcinoma in which of the following structures can directly extend into the gallbladder

stomach

enlargement of the gallbladder caused by obstruction of the common bile duct by a distal external neoplasm is termed

courvoisier sign

which structure defines the superior and inferior borders of the retroperitoneum

diaphragm and pelvic rim

elevation in prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is suspicious for

prostatic carcinoma

thrombosis involving the hepatic veins describes which condition

budd-chiari

a patient presents with history of RUQ pain, N&V. A sonogram of the RUQ demonstrates a calculus lodges in the cystic duct. This is a predisposing factor for

actue cholecystitis

which structure may be mistaken for an extrarenal pelvis

renal vein

a patient presents with a history of intermittent fever, nausea, and elevated alkaline phosphate. He admits to travelling to the Middle East recently. A complex solitary mass is identified in the right lobe of liver. This is suspicious for

amebic abscess

which term is more commonly used to describe an enlarged or dilated vein

varix

which of the following conditions most commonly causes the formation of a hepatic abscess

ascending cholangitis

what structure is located in the anterolateral portion of the pancreatic head

GDA

a patient presents with palpable neck mass. A sonogram demonstrates an echogenic mass in the superior lobe of the right thyroid gland. A prominent hypoechoic ring surrounds this nodule. This mass is most suspicious for which neoplasm

adenoma

which organ is responsible for manufacturing heparin

liver

the length of normal adult spleen should not exceed

13cm

which type of aneurysm is most commonly associated with bacterial infection

mycotic

the stomach produces which enzyme

pepsin

which condition is associated with McBurney point

appendicitis

a round anechoic mass is identified next to the renal pelvis. What is it most suspicious for

parapelvic cyst

which is the most common clinical symptom associated with portal vein thrombosis

severe abdominal pain

the diameter of a TIPS should measure a minimum of

8-12mm

a retroperitoneal ultrasound is ordered to follow up on a previously documents hydronephrosis of right kidney. The patient is presently asymptomatic. An image of right kidney demonstrates a small hyperechoic focus in the inferior pole, What is this most sus for

angiomyolipoma

a patient presents with a history of a pulsatile abdominal mass found on a physical exam. The sonogram of the distal abdominal aorta is most consistent with

ectatic aneurysm

which of the following vascular structures does the arrow identify

right renal artery

a patient presents to the emerg with severe RUQ pain. Laboratory tests demonstrate leukocytosis and elevation in total bilirubin level. On the basis of this clinical history, what is this pathology most sus for

acute cholecystitis

a 70-year old man presents with history of scrotal enlargement. He denies trauma to the scrotum or groin areas. On the basis of this clinical history, the sonographic findings are most sus for

hydrocele

a patient presents with a history of elevated liver function tests. An anechoic tubular structure is identified in the body of the pancreas. This structure most likely represents the

pancreatic duct

an obese patient presents with history of elevated liver function tests discovered during a life insurance medical exam. the patient has no complaints. Sono of this image is most sus for

fatty infiltration

what are the arrows point to

haustra

a 30 year old patient presents with history of RUQ pain. Lab tests are within normal limits. An image of the spleen demonstrates an incidental hyperechoic mass. It is sus for

cavernous hemangioma

a patient presents with history of alcohol abuse. Which splenic pathology is most likely identified here

splenomegaly

a patient presents to the emerg with a history of severe epigastric pain. Lab results are pending. An abdominal US is ordered to rule out biliary disease. Which pathology is identified here

choledocholithiasis

a patient presents with a history of uncontrolled hypertension and painless hematuria. A hyper vascular complex mass is identified near renal hilum. What is this most sus for

malignant neoplasm

which congenital anomaly is identified in this kidney

fetal lobulation

a 40-year old patient presents with palpable left scrotal mass and a previous history of epididymitis. This hyperechoic intratesticular structure is most sus for

tubular ectasia of the rete testes

a patient presents with left scrotal pain. He denies a fever or trauma. Which of the following abnormalities is most likely identified

inflammation of left epididymis

a patient presents with a history of abdominal distention and elevated liver function tests. Sono evaluation of teh RUQ demonstrated a negative Murphy sign. What should the technical impression state

probable noninflammatory wall thickening

which structure separates the caudate lobe from the left lobe of liver

ligamentum venosum

a questionable mass is identified in the anterior portion of the right lobe of the liver. Which structure borders tis region

middle hepatic and right hepatic veins

a mass displacing the renal calyces is documented on a recent intravenous pyelogram. A sonogram over this area demonstrates a smooth circular anechoic renal mass. This mass is most sus for

simple cyst

when hydronephrosis is encountered, the sonographer should evaluate urinary bladder for

obstruction

a patient presents with a mass in the lateral aspect of the neck. An anechoic structure is demonstrated just beneath the jawline.Which cystic structure is most likely demonstrated

brachial cleft cyst

extension of pancreatic inflammation into surrounding tissues is

phlegmon

the IVC is considered enlarged after diameter exceeds

3.7cm

which organ is associated with elevation of aldosterone

adrenal gland

a round, homogenous, solid mass is identified medial to the splenic hilum. The echo texture is similar to the adjacent splenic parenchyma. On the basis of these sono findings, mass is most consistent with

accessory spleen

which vascular structure is commonly mistaken as the pancreatic duct

splenic artery

which condition is associated with complete failure of the adrenocortical function

Addison disease

what is an abnormal flow of the hepatic veins

hepatopetal

which organ is associated with the olive sign

stomach

which patient position is used for thoracentesis

sitting

which structure is most commonly mistaken as a renal neoplasm

hypertrophied column of bertin

which lab tests will most likely elevate in cases of non obstructive jaundice

indirect bilirubin

which region of the gallbladder is located most superioly

neck

which condition is associated with an increased risk in developing thyroid malignancy

hashimotos disease

a pancreatic pseudocyst is most commonly located in which region

lesser sac

a patient presents to the emerg with severe LUQ pain. Lab results demonstrate serum lipase of 670 IU/L. an abdominal ultrasound is ordered to rule out

biliary disease

which anatomical variant demonstrates an outward bulge to the lateral renal cortex

dromedary hump

a congenital anomaly associated with the fusion of both kidneys within the same body quadrant describes

crossed fused ectopia

a patient with recent history of angioplasty presents with a pulsatile inguinal mass. A fluid collection is located adjacent to the femoral artery. Colour and spectral doppler demonstrate turbulent flow within the fluid. Based on this what is it most consistent with

pseudoaneurysm

a 25 year old presents with non tender palpable breast mass. A hypoechoic, oval-shaped mass demonstrating posterior acoustic enhancement is identified in the breast parenchyma. On the basis of clinical history what is this most sus for

fibroadenoma

which is a function of the spleen

removal of foreign material from the blood

an abnormality of the gallbladder wall exhibiting a “comet tail” artifact describes

adenomyomatosis

a transplant kidney is most commonly placed where

right lower quadrant

which description is most accurate for describing the sono appearance and location of Meckel diverticulum

anechoic complex mass, slightly to the right of the umbilicus

within 5 years, risk for rupture of an abdominal aortic aneurysm measuring 5cm in diameter is

5%

before the bifurcation, the last major visceral branch of the abdominal aorta is the

inferior mesenteric artery

which abnormality coexists in patients with a popliteal aneurysm

abdominal aortic aneurysm

which peritoneal space is located superior to the liver

subphrenic space

the majority of metastatic lesions in the liver originate from which site

colon

the CBD passes through which structure before entering duodenum

ampulla of Vater

which condition is most common cause of hypothyroidism

Hashimotos