Biology Lecture Review

Flashcards generated from lecture notes on genetics, cellular respiration, and cell structures.

What is selective breeding?

Choosing organisms with desirable traits and mating them to produce offspring with those traits.

How does selective breeding affect a population?

Over time, this process can lead to significant changes in the genetic makeup of a population.

What is genetic engineering?

Directly manipulating an organism's DNA to add, remove, or modify specific genes.

What does genetic engineering allow?

Precise control over the genetic makeup of an organism, enabling the creation of desired traits.

What is gene therapy?

Introducing genetic material into a patient's cells to treat or prevent disease.

What are the methods of gene therapy?

Replacing a faulty gene with a healthy one, adding a new gene to help the body fight disease, or modifying existing genes to enhance their function.

What is cellular respiration?

A set of chemical reactions that cells use to convert glucose and oxygen into adenosine triphosphate (ATP).

What is ATP and what is its role?

ATP is the energy that cells use

Where does cellular respiration occur?

In the mitochondria.

Name three structural features of the Mitochondria

Cristae, Matrix, Inner membrane, Outer membrane

What is the result of cellular respiration?

Glucose and Oxygen -> Carbon dioxide and Water + ATP

What is the role of the cell wall in a plant cell?

Give the plant cells support and structure.

What is the role of the Chloroplast in a plant cell?

Is where photosynthesis happens.