CLAS 104 Final Exam Master Flashcards

Zeus

Which Olympian is the supreme ruler of gods and mortals, governs the sky, storms, justice, social order, oaths, hospitality, and family, and is identified by the thunderbolt, eagle, oak, sceptre, and aegis?

Hera

Which Olympian is queen of the gods, protects marriage, women, and childbirth, is associated with the peacock, crown, and sceptre, and is famous for persecuting Zeus's lovers and children?

Poseidon

Which Olympian rules the sea, earthquakes, and horses, carries a trident, is called the earthshaker, and becomes the main divine obstacle to Odysseus's return home?

Athena

Which Olympian governs wisdom, strategic warfare, crafts, justice, and protection of cities, is associated with the owl, olive tree, spear, helmet, and aegis, and frequently helps heroes?

Apollo

Which Olympian governs prophecy, music, poetry, healing, plague, archery, and later the sun, is associated with the lyre, bow, laurel, and tripod, and has his greatest oracle at Delphi?

Artemis

Which Olympian governs hunting, wilderness, the moon, childbirth, and youth, is associated with the bow, deer, hunting dogs, and torches, and fiercely protects her chastity?

Aphrodite

Which Olympian governs love, beauty, desire, fertility, and sexuality, is associated with doves, swans, jewellery, and a magical girdle, and helps set the Trojan War in motion?

Ares

Which Olympian represents the violent and destructive side of warfare, is associated with the spear, armour, helmet, and boar, and contrasts with the strategic warfare of Athena?

Hermes

Which Olympian serves as messenger of the gods, protects travellers, commerce, thieves, and boundaries, guides souls to the Underworld, and is associated with the caduceus and winged sandals?

Dionysus

Which Olympian governs wine, vegetation, theatre, fertility, ecstasy, and spiritual release, carries the thyrsus, and is both pleasurable and dangerous in myth?

Demeter

Which Olympian governs agriculture, grain, crop fertility, and the human food supply, carries grain and torches, and is central to the myth explaining the seasons?

Hephaestus

Which Olympian governs creative fire, metallurgy, craftsmanship, and the forge, uses the hammer, anvil, tongs, and axe, and creates extraordinary divine objects?

Jupiter

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god who rules the sky and the Olympian order?

Juno

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek queen of the gods and protector of marriage?

Neptune

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god of the sea and earthquakes?

Minerva

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess of wisdom and strategic warfare?

Apollo Roman

Which major Greek god generally keeps the same name in Roman religion, although he may also be called Phoebus?

Diana

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess of hunting and wilderness?

Venus

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess of erotic love and beauty?

Mars

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god of violent warfare, and which Roman deity was treated more positively than his Greek counterpart?

Mercury

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek messenger god associated with travel, commerce, and trickery?

Bacchus

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god of wine, theatre, and ecstasy?

Ceres

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess of agriculture and grain?

Vulcan

What is the Roman equivalent of the Greek god of fire, metalworking, and the forge?

Thunderbolt

What is the most recognizable weapon and symbol of the king of the Olympian gods?

Peacock

Which animal is most strongly associated with the queen of the Olympian gods?

Trident

What is the primary symbol of the god who rules the sea?

Owl

Which animal most strongly symbolizes the wisdom of the patron goddess of Athens?

Lyre

What musical instrument is the signature attribute of the god of music and prophecy?

Stag

Which wild animal is a major symbol of the Olympian huntress?

Dove

Which bird is especially associated with the goddess of love and desire?

Boar

Which animal is especially associated with the Greek god of violent warfare?

Caduceus

What wand or staff is the characteristic attribute of the messenger god?

Thyrsus

What ivy-wreathed staff topped with a pinecone is the chief attribute of the god of wine and ecstasy?

Torches

What objects does the grain goddess carry during her search for her missing daughter?

Hammer

What tool is the most recognizable symbol of the divine smith?

Argeiphontes

Which epithet identifies the messenger god as the killer of the giant Argus?

Polias

Which epithet emphasizes the wisdom goddess's role as protector of the city?

Ergane

Which epithet identifies the wisdom goddess as the maker or patron of crafts?

Dodonian

Which term is not an epithet of Apollo because it is associated instead with the oracle of Zeus?

Pytho

What Greek term connected with Apollo's Delphic sanctuary derives from a verb meaning "to rot"?

Mother

What does the meter element in the name of the grain goddess mean in ancient Greek?

Chaos

What primordial condition or entity appears first in Hesiod's account of the universe?

Gaia

What is the first major being to come into existence after Chaos in Hesiod's Theogony?

Ouranos

Which primordial sky god is produced by Earth and later overthrown by his youngest Titan son?

Kronos

Which Titan overthrows his father, becomes ruler, and then swallows his own children to prevent a prophecy of succession?

Rhea

Which Titan mother saves her youngest child by hiding him and giving her husband a stone wrapped like a baby?

Crete

On what island does Hesiod place the hidden birth and upbringing of the future ruler of the Olympians?

Titanomachy

What ten-year war pits the younger Olympian generation against the Titans and ends with the establishment of a new divine order?

Cyclopes

Which imprisoned beings are released by the future Olympian ruler and forge his thunderbolts for the war against the Titans?

Hecatoncheires

Which powerful children of Earth and Sky are released to help the Olympians defeat the Titans? Also called the Hundred-Handers.

Typhoeus

Which monstrous child of Gaia and Tartarus becomes one of the final major threats to the new rule of Zeus?

Metis

Which pregnant goddess of wisdom is swallowed so that a predicted son cannot continue the cycle of divine succession?

Athena Birth

Which goddess is born fully grown from the head of the supreme Olympian after her mother has been swallowed?

Law and Order

What kind of stable cosmic system does Hesiod associate with the final rule of Zeus after the violent succession cycle ends?

Oceanus & Tethys

Which two deities does Homer, rather than Hesiod, credit with the creation or origin of the world?

Phanes

Who is presented as the creator of all things in the Orphic Theogony?

Zagreus

What Orphic form of Dionysus is dismembered by the Titans and connected with ideas of death, rebirth, and the dual nature of humanity?

Europa

Which princess is carried to Crete after the supreme god approaches her in the form of a bull?

Bull Form

What animal form does Zeus take when he approaches the young princess whose abduction leads into the family history of Thebes?

Io

Which priestess is transformed into a cow and driven through long wanderings because of Zeus's affair and Hera's jealousy?

Egypt

In what land does the pregnant wanderer transformed into a cow finally end her journey?

Epaphus

Which son of Zeus and the wandering priestess becomes king of Egypt?

Prometheus

Which Titan is punished by Zeus for stealing fire for humanity and, according to Ovid, also fashions the first human being in the likeness of the gods?

Deception Zeus

What Iliadic episode involves the ruler of the gods being seduced and distracted by his wife during the Trojan War?

Amphitryon

Whose appearance does Zeus assume when he visits Alcmena and fathers Heracles?

Danae

Which mortal woman becomes the mother of Perseus after Zeus reaches her despite her father's attempt to confine her?

Heracles Snakes

What creatures does the queen of the gods send in an attempt to kill the infant son of Zeus and Alcmena?

Jason

Which hero receives special help from the queen of the gods after showing kindness to her while she is disguised?

Athens Contest

What rivalry between two Olympians is settled when one offers a salt spring or horse and the other offers an olive tree?

Olive Tree

What gift wins the patronage of Athens for the goddess who competes against the sea god?

Argos Drought

How does the sea god punish Argos after he is rejected as its patron deity?

Polyphemus

Which Cyclops is blinded by Odysseus, causing the sea god to obstruct the hero's return home?

Arachne

Which mortal weaver challenges the goddess of crafts and is ultimately transformed into a spider?

Hero Protector

Which recurring role of Athena is shown by her assistance to Perseus, Heracles, and especially Odysseus?

Erichthonius

Which early Athenian figure is connected with the divine smith and the earth after an attempted encounter with Athena?

Delphi

Where is the most important sanctuary and oracle of the god of prophecy located?

Python

Which serpent does the prophetic god kill in order to establish his authority at Delphi?

Daphne

Which nymph is transformed into the tree that becomes sacred to the god who pursues her?

Laurel

Which plant becomes sacred to Apollo after a pursued nymph is transformed?

Marsyas

Which musical challenger is harshly punished after losing a contest with Apollo?

Chryses

Which priest is dishonoured by Agamemnon, causing Apollo to send plague into the Greek camp?

Actaeon

Which hunter is transformed into a stag after seeing the virgin huntress naked?

Iphigenia

Which daughter of Agamemnon is demanded as a sacrifice so the Greek fleet can receive winds for Troy?

Brauron

At which Attic cult site did young girls perform a ritual connected with Artemis before marriage?

Bear Ritual

What animal identity was adopted by young girls in the ritual festival of Artemis at Brauron?

Hippolytus

Which son of Theseus rejects the goddess of erotic love and devotes himself to the virgin huntress?

Paris Judgment

What divine beauty contest offers the Trojan prince a choice among political power, military victory, and the love of Helen?

Helen Promise

What reward does the goddess of love offer the Trojan judge in exchange for being chosen as the most beautiful?

Anchises

Which mortal man becomes the father of Aeneas with the goddess of love?

Aeneas

Which Trojan son of a goddess survives the destruction of Troy and becomes an important ancestor of the Romans?

Adonis

Which beautiful youth loved by the goddess of desire dies in a hunt and is associated with a blood-red flower?

Anemone

Into what flower is the blood of the beautiful youth loved by Aphrodite transformed?

Pygmalion

Which sculptor falls in love with an ivory statue that the goddess of love brings to life?

Psyche

Which exceptionally beautiful mortal survives trials imposed by Venus, marries Cupid, and is ultimately made divine?

Invisible Net

What ingenious object does the divine smith use to expose his wife's affair with the war god?

Achilles Shield

Which masterpiece of the divine smith is described in detail as containing scenes of human life and the cosmos?

Pandora

Which first woman is fashioned by the divine smith at Zeus's command as part of humanity's punishment after the theft of fire?

Semele

Which mortal mother of Dionysus dies after being tricked into asking to see Zeus in his full divine form?

Thigh Birth

What unusual second birth allows Dionysus to survive after his mortal mother is destroyed?