CHEM LAB 1 exam

ALT range

0-55 IU/L

AST range

5-34 IU/L

LD range

125-220 IU/L

AlkP range

40-150 IU/L (higher in kids)

GGT range

12-64 IU/L M 9-36 F

Bilirubin total range

0.1-1.2 mg/dL

Bilirubin total critical

>15.0 NEONATES

Bilirubin direct range

0-0.5

Bilirubin indirect range

0-0.6

amylase range

25-125 IU/L Serum 1-17 urine

Lipase range

8-78 IU/L

Uric acid range

2.6-7.2

Ethanol range

0-10 mg/dL

Ammonia range

18-72 umol/L

ALT methodology

L- alanine and alpha ketogluterate to pyruvate L-glutamate, NADH oxidized to NAD and lactate (LD enzyme)

AST methodology

L aspartate and alpha keto to oxaloacetata and L glutamate, oxidize to malate with MDH enzyme

LD methodology

L lactate and NAD to pyruvate and NADH (reversible)

ALP methodology

P-nitrophenylphosphate and water to P-nitrophenol

GGT methodology

gamma glutamyl 3- carboxy-4 nitroalimide and glycylglycine to gamma glycylglycide 3- carboxy- 4 nitroalimide

Bilirubin methodology

react with sodium nitrate to make biliverdin

Ammonia methodolgy

NH and NADH and alpha-k to glutamate and NAD (GLDH enzyme)

Ethanol methodology

____ and NAD with ADH to reduce NADH and acetaldehyde

Amylase methodology

CNPG3 to CPNP and CNOG2 and maltortiose and glucose

Lipase methodology

lipase, MGLP, GPO, HPO (horseradish peroxidase) and ox coupling of

Bili critical

>15 neonate

Na methodology

Crown Ether ionophore ICT tech

K methodology

Valinomycin in ion selective mb ICT tech

Cl methodology

Silver chloride disk establishing equilibrium. calculating Ksp from the conc with excess soluble AgCl then interpreted by ICT

Na range

136-145 meq/L

Na critical

>160 <120

K range

3.5-5.1 mmol/L

K critical

< 3 <6

Cl range

98-107 meq/L

Serum CO2 methodology

Bicaarb and PEP convert to oxalacetate and phosphate by PEPC. Then the oxa and NADH are reduced to Malate and NAD by MDH. (Abs proportional to the _____ in sample.

CO2 range

22-33 meq/L

CO2 critical

<10

Wavelength that NADH and NADPH peak seen

340nm

Anion Gap

Conc of cations and anions must be equal

Anion Gap with K range

10-20 mmol/L

Anion Gap no K

7-16 mmol/L

OSMO

280-300 mOsm/kg

Osmo gap above 10 is indicative of what?

paraproteins or alcohol, when present will contribute to what ____ gap?

BUN

Blood urea nitrogen

BUN methodology

Kinetic assay. Urea hydrolyzed to NH3 and CO2, then rxt with alpha-ketogluterate to reduce to NAD and glutamate. (uses urease and GLD)

BUN ranges

9-21 male. 7-19 female mg/dL

What element inhibits urease

flouride (connection to BUN rxn)

Creatinine methodology

Jaffes rxn (picric acid and ALK for a red color)

Creatinine range

0.7-1.4 mg/dL

Plasma creatinine and GFR relationship

inverse

Glucose methodology

_____ rxts due to hexokinase with ATP and Mg to produce G6P that then reacts due to G6PD to reduce to 6-Phosphogluconate and NADH

Glucose range

70-125mg/dL

Glucose critical

<40 >400

Hgb A1C shows results for what time frame of blood glucose

2-3 months (lifespan of RBC)

A1c range

4-5.6%

A1C methodology

enzymatic (glycated Hgb and total hgb)

Uric Acid range

2.6-7.2 mg/dL

Uric acid methodology

uricase ox. for allantoin and hydrogen peroxide. a peroxidase with AAP results in a quinonimine dye

How is uric acid produced in body

The breakdown of purines…. produce what?

Cholesterol range

<200mg/dL

Cholesterol methodology

_____ esterase hydrolyzes to 4-3. with HBA and 4AAP to form a dye

Triglyceride range

40-200 mg/dL

Triglyceride methodology

lipase enzyme results in fatty acids and glycerol to then further reacts till you get dihydroxyacetone with 4AAP for a red dye (no peroxidase0

HDL methodology

2 reagent format, to release ____ to rxt with esterase and oxidase chol, witht he presence of chromogen to produce a color due to reaction with peroxidase

HDL range

38-75 male 33-98 female

LDL methodology

2- reagent format (R1 and R2) solubilizes and then chromogen allows color formation

LDL range

<150 mg/dL