Theo Final sophomore year!

doctrine of the Real Presence

Christ's true Body and Blood, Soul and Divinity contained in the Eucharist under the appearances of bread and wine

Lent

Celebration and remembrance of the 40 days Jesus spent fasting and enduring temptation from Satan in the desert. Time for fasting, sacrifices, and growth in faith.

Bread of Life Discourse

The name given to Jesus' explicit teaching about the Eucharist in John 6:22-58

Kingdom of God

God's reign, or rule, over all things. During His public ministry, Jesus proclaimed that the Kingdom of God was at hand. The Church is the seed, or beginning, of the Kingdom here on Earth. The Kingdom will be fulfilled in Heaven.

Apostle

A term meaning 'one who is sent,' as Jesus was sent by his Father, and He sent His chosen disciples to preach the Gospel to the whole world. He called 12 men to become his Apostles, chosen witnesses of His Resurrection and the foundation on which the Church is built.

Assumption

The taking up of the Virgin Mary, body and soul, into Heaven at the end of her earthly life. Mary is now in heaven with her son, crowned Queen of Heaven and seated at his right hand.

Justification

The transformation of the sinner (all of us) from a state of righteousness to a state of holiness with God. It is an act done by God that requires our free participation with His grace. We are justified by the sacrament of Baptism, which makes us children of God. Our justification, or salvation, is won for us by Christ's sacrifice on the cross and by the Resurrection.

Paschal

Typically refers to anything related to Passover or Easter. It comes from the Latin word paschalis, which derives from the Hebrew word Pesach (Passover).

The Lamb of God

A title given to Jesus that describes His sacrifice to free us from sin. Just as in the first Passover, a lamb was sacrificed to free the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, Jesus' sacrifice makes the forgiveness of sin possible for everyone for all time.

Pentecost

The day when Jesus sent the Holy Spirit upon Mary and the Apostles, and the Church was born. Fifty days after Jesus' Resurrection (10 days after His Ascension into Heaven), Mary and the Apostles gathered in the Upper Room and were filled with the Holy Spirit, who came in a rush of wind and appeared as tongues of fire over their heads.

Charity

The Theological Virtue by which we love God above all things for His own sake, and our neighbor as ourselves for the love of God.

Golgotha

The site of Jesus' Crucifixion outside the walls of Jerusalem. A Hebrew word that means 'place of the skull.'

Paschal Lamb

The lamb the Hebrew people sacrificed in the commemoration of the Feast of Passover. A title used for Jesus to identify Him as the Paschal sacrifice that establishes the New Covenant, when He offers His Body and Blood at the Crucifixion to redeem us from sin and the Devil.

General/Last Judgment

The hour when Christ returns in glory, and we will stand before Him to be judged one final time. We will see how all we have done, or failed to do, affected everyone and everything. Only the Father knows when the General Judgement, also known as the Last Judgement, will take place.

Intercede

To act as a mediator or go-between.

50

The number of days of Easter.

40

Completion (Jesus was with his apostles for the 40 days after the resurrection).

Notre Dame

Our Lady.

Sheol

The Hebrew word for Hell, or the dwelling place of all the dead before Christ's Resurrection.

Redemption

The act of reclaiming someone or something in exchange for payment of a debt.

Matthias

He was the one who replaced Judas.

Parables

Short stories that convey unfamiliar or complex truths in a simple and easy way to understand by using characters and situations that are familiar, or in a mysterious way hidden in layers of metaphor and symbolism.

Eucharist

A Christian sacrament and ritual that commemorates the Last Supper of Jesus Christ with His disciples.

Apology

Comes from 2 Greek words 'Apo = away from or off' and 'Logos = speech'. Means to 'speak away from something/ defend the faith.'

Jesus' Baptism

During Jesus' Baptism, Jesus traveled from Galilee to the Jordan River, where Heaven opened, The Holy Spirit descended like a dove and rested on Jesus, and a voice from Heaven said, 'This is my son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.' (Matthew 3:17.)

Significance of Jesus' Baptism

Jesus' Baptism is significant because it marks the beginning of his ministry and confirms that he is the son of God.

Temptation of Jesus

The Gospel of Matthew 4:1-11 describes the Temptation of Jesus.

Temptations

Jesus was tempted by the devil, and each temptation represented Power, Pleasure, and Glory.

First Miracle

Mary initiated the first miracle by telling Jesus the wine is out at a wedding feast.

Details of the First Miracle

Wedding feasts were usually a few days to one week long; Mary, Jesus, and Jesus' disciples were at the wedding where Jesus turned water into wine.

Primary Goal of Jesus' Ministry

The primary goal of Jesus' ministry on Earth was to proclaim and bring about the Kingdom of God through his teachings, miracles, and love.

Who is called to enter the Kingdom of God?

Everyone is called to enter the Kingdom of God.

Who does the Kingdom of God belong to?

The Kingdom of God belongs to the poor in spirit, the humble, and those who do the will of God.

Jesus' Parables about the Kingdom of God

Jesus' parables teach us that He invites everyone into the Kingdom of God, especially the sinners, the outcasts, the poor, and those with open and humble hearts.

Types of Miracles

The 4 types of miracles are Healing, Nature, Supernatural, and Supply.

Effects of Jesus' Miracles

Jesus' miracles amazed people, strengthened their faith, and showed that God's power was present in Him; He performed them to reveal God's love, show compassion, and prove His divine authority.

Story of the Paralyzed Man

In Mark 2:1-12, Jesus was teaching in a crowded house in Capernaum, and four friends carried a paralyzed man to Jesus, but they couldn't get in because of the crowd.

Authority of the Pope and bishops

The Pope and bishops (the Magisterium) continue to exercise the authority Jesus gave to Peter and the apostles.

Significance of the number 12 apostles

The number 12 signifies the 12 tribes of Israel, symbolizing that the apostles are the foundation of the new People of God.

Reasons for the Transfiguration

Four reasons for the Transfiguration include the Luminous Mysteries: The Baptism of Jesus, The Wedding at Cana, The Proclamation of the Kingdom of God, The Transfiguration, and The Institution of the Eucharist.

Easter date determination

Easter is celebrated on the Sunday following the first full moon of spring (March 21 or later). This tradition dates back to the Council of Nicea in 325 AD.

First day of Lent

The first day of Lent is called Ash Wednesday, which falls on March 5, 2025.

Palm Sunday

Palm Sunday is the last Sunday during Lent and signifies Jesus's triumphant return to Jerusalem after spending 40 days and nights in the desert.

Summit of the Liturgical Year

The summit or highest point of the Liturgical Year is the Easter Triduum, which begins the evening of Holy Thursday and goes through Good Friday and Holy Saturday until the evening of Easter Sunday.

Events of the Paschal Mystery

The events of the Paschal Mystery are Passion, Death, Resurrection, and Ascension.

Passover celebration

Jewish people celebrate Passover to commemorate when the Israelites were freed from slavery in Egypt.

Fulfillment of Passover by the Paschal Mystery

The Paschal Mystery refers to the life, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ, fulfilling what the Passover prefigures.

Jesus' Last Supper

During the Last Supper, which was a Passover meal, Jesus used the traditional Passover symbols of bread and wine to reveal deeper meanings.

Meaning of Jesus' command at the Last Supper

Jesus' command, 'Do this in memory of me,' institutes the practice of the Eucharist, asking his followers to regularly partake in the sharing of bread and wine in remembrance of his life, death, and resurrection.

Participation in the Liturgy of the Eucharist

When we participate in the Liturgy of the Eucharist, we are also participating in the Paschal Mystery, which encompasses the life, death, resurrection, and ascension of Jesus Christ.

Jesus' teaching on eternal life

'Very truly I tell you, unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life, and I will raise them up at the last day.'

Acceptance of the Real Presence

We need to accept the teaching of the Real Presence to fully participate in the Eucharist.

Real Presence

A mystery that goes beyond what we can fully understand or see with our senses, where Jesus remains truly with us - body, blood, soul, and divinity.

Ransom for our sins

Jesus died on the cross as a 'payment of debt' for our sins to save us.

Jesus' prayer in Gethsemane

'Abba, Father, all things are possible to you. Take this cup away from me, but not what I will, but what you will' (Mk. 14:36).

Betrayer of Jesus

Judas.

Suffering Servant

A figure described in Isaiah 53 who suffers unjustly for the sins of others and becomes ultimately glorified, seen as a prophecy of Jesus.

Lamb of God

Jesus is called the Lamb of God because He is the Paschal Lamb, sacrificed in commemoration of the Feast of Passover, establishing the New Covenant.

Sorrowful Mysteries

The Agony of the Garden, The Scourging at the Pillar, The Crowning with Thorns, The Carrying of the Cross, The Crucifixion and Death of Jesus.

Evidence of Jesus' resurrection

The empty tomb (John 20:1-10), Jesus Appears to Mary Magdalene (John 20:11-18), Jesus appears to the Disciples (John 20:19-23).

Mary Magdalene

Called the Apostle to the Apostles because she was the FIRST person to see the resurrected Jesus Christ and was instructed to tell the apostles.

Jesus' resurrection and time/space

Jesus transcends time and space by appearing to His disciples, showing His body, and being able to appear despite locked doors.

Jesus' predictions about His death and resurrection

'Destroy this temple and in three days I will raise it up,' fulfilled because He died and rose from the dead.

Jesus' descent into hell

To bring redemption to the souls who were awaiting their savior.

Significance of the Resurrection

Confirms Jesus' divinity, fulfills Old Testament prophecies, opens the way to new life at Baptism, and makes our resurrection possible.

Baptism and the Paschal Mystery

We are united with Christ in His suffering, death, and resurrection, experiencing the promise of eternal life.

Eucharist and the Paschal Mystery

Helps us participate in the Paschal Mystery by uniting us with Jesus in His suffering, death, and resurrection and receiving the benefits of His sacrifice.

Ascension of Jesus

Refers to his return to Heaven, occurring 40 days after his resurrection from the dead.

Symbolism of the cloud in the Ascension

The Presence of God.

Sitting at the right hand of God

Shows that Jesus has been glorified by the Father.

Did Jesus abandon us when He ascended into Heaven?

No, Jesus did not abandon us; He sent the Holy Spirit to stay with us.

Significance of the number 40

It shows that Jesus completed His earthly mission.

Reason Jesus ascended instead of remaining with His apostles

So that we could receive the Holy Spirit and be even closer to Jesus all the time.

Purpose of sending the Holy Spirit

So that the Holy Spirit could be poured over the entire Church to 'go forth' and preach the Good News.

Sacrament that comes from Pentecost

Confirmation.

Ways the Holy Spirit guides and helps us

Inspired the Scriptures and continues to guide the Church in her teaching.

Deposit of Faith

Preserves tradition and the Bible.

Holy Spirit's role in our hearts

Gives us the power to profess faith in Jesus and helps us acknowledge God as our Father.

Holy Spirit in the Sacraments

Makes Jesus present in the Sacraments, especially the Eucharist.

Mary's Assumption into Heaven

Mary was Assumed into Heaven body and soul at the end of her earthly life.

Mary's intercession

She intercedes for us by talking to Jesus on our behalf.

Mary as a model

She is our model for how to follow Jesus.

Feast of the Assumption declaration

Declared by Pope Pius XII in 1950.

Feast of the Assumption date

Celebrated on August 15th.

Content of the Gospels

About Jesus' life, ministry, suffering, death, resurrection, and ascension (Paschal Mystery).

Content of the Acts of the Apostles

About the life of Apostles being called to follow Jesus and to build the Church.

Easter Season duration

There are 50 days in the Easter Season.

End of the Easter Season

Ends on Pentecost.

Birthday of the Catholic Church

The Catholic Church celebrates its birthday on Pentecost.

Year the Catholic Church was born

Established in 33 AD.

Age of the Catholic Church in 2025

1992 years old.

Theological Virtues

Faith, Hope, Charity (Love).

Last Things

Death, Judgment, Heaven, Hell.

Reading the Creation Stories in Genesis

As religious truths about God as Creator, not as literal scientific accounts.

Dominion over the earth

Humans are caretakers responsible for protecting and wisely managing the earth.

Human dignity basis

Based on being created in the image and likeness of God.

Reasons for Jesus' Incarnation

To save us from sin, to reveal God's love, to model holiness, and to make us partakers of divine nature.

God's gender

God is neither man nor woman; God is spirit beyond human gender.

Who created God?

God was not created; God is eternal and uncreated.

What is the Protoevangelium?

The name given to Genesis 3:15 in which God promises to send a Savior to crush the head of the serpent (Satan), defeating sin and death.