Module 1 Vocabulary quiz AP Biology
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38 Terms
Material that makes physical objects
The basic unit of matter
A chemical formed of two or more atoms
A molecule made of carbon
The dense, central part of an atom
An atomic particle of the nucleus that carries a positive charge
An atomic particle of the nucleus that carries no charge
An atomic particle that moves around the nucleus and carries a negative charge
The number of protons in an element
A chemical that cannot be split into other chemicals
The total mass of an atom; consists of the number of protons and neutrons in the atom.
One of two or more forms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
An electrically charged atom
Energy level/Electron shell
An area in space where electrons circle around the nucleus.
Valence electron
An electron in the outermost energy level of an atom
Periodic table of elements
A table in which the elements are indicated by their chemical symbols and arranged in order of increasing atomic order.
Chemical bond
A form of attraction between atoms that holds them together.
Covalent bond
A bond in which two atoms share a pair of electrons.
Single bond
A covalent bond in which two atoms share two electrons.
Double bond
A covalent bond in which two atoms share two pairs of electrons.
Electronegativity
Difference in the ability of atoms to attract electrons.
Polar covalent bond
A bond that results when electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.
Nonpolar covalent bond
A bond that results when electrons are shared equally, or nearly equally, between two atoms.
Ionic bond
A bond in which two ions with opposite electrical charges associate with each other.
Chemical reaction
A process by which molecules are transformed into different molecules.
Reactant
Atoms or molecules that are changed in a chemical reaction.
Product
Atoms or molecules that are made in a chemical reaction.
Polymer
A large molecule composed of many smaller subunits.
Monomer
A single molecule that can bond chemically with similar molecules in a polymer.
Protein
A type of organic molecule that provides structural support for the cell and speeds up chemical reactions.
Amino acid
The subunit of proteins.
Nucleic acid
A type of organic molecule that encodes and transmits genetic information.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
Noncoding ___ found in all ribosomes that aid in translation
Nucleotide
A subunit of nucleic acids, consisting of a 5-carbon sugar, a nitrogen-containing base, and one or more phosphate groups.
Carbohydrate
A type of organic molecule.
Lipid
A type of organic molecule that is hydrophobic; they make up the barrier between the cell and its environment, store energy, and act as signaling molecules.
Hydrophobic
“Water fearing”; describes polar molecules that readily dissolve in water.
Hydrophilic
Water loving”; describes polar molecules that readily dissolve in water.