CH27 - BIO111

Invertebrate

An animal without a backbone; making up 95% of animal species.

Amniotic Egg

An egg that contains specialized membranes that function in protection, nourishment, and gas exchange; Was major in evolutionary innovation

Amniote

Member of a clade of tetrapods named for the amniotic egg; it includes mammals as well as birds and other reptiles

Chondrichthyan

Member of the class Chondrichthyes, vertebrates with skeletons made mostly of cartilage, such as sharks and rays.

Arthropod

A segmented, molting bilaterian animal with a hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages. Examples include insects, spiders, millipedes, and crabs

Foot

One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a muscular structure usually used for movement. See also mantle and visceral mass.

Amoebocyte

An amoeba

Eumetazoan

Member of a clade of animals with true tissues; includes all animals except sponges and a few other groups.

Ray finned fishes

Member of the class Actinopterygii, aquatic osteichthyans with fins supported by long, flexible rays, including tuna, bass and herring.

Lobe fin

Member of the clade of Osteichthyans having rod shaped muscular fins; includes coelacanths, lungfishes, and tetrapods.

Tissues

An integrated group of cells with a common structure, function or both.

Cambrian Explosion

A relatively brief time in geologic history when many present day phyla of animals first appeared in the fossil record. Emergence of the first large, hard bodied animals

Gastrovascular Cavity

A central cavity with a single opening in the body of certain animals, including cnidarians and flatworms, that functions in both the digestion and the distribution of nutrients.

Monotreme

An egg laying mammal such as a platypus or echidna. They have hair and produce milk, but do not have nipples.

Mesoderm

The middle primary germ layer in a triploblastic animal embryo; develops into notochord, the lining of the coelom, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system in species that have these structures.

Vertebrate

A chordate animal with a backbone.

Body Cavity

A fluid or air filled space located between the digestive tract and the outer body wall; also called a coelom.

Amphibian

Member of the tetrapod Amphibia, including salamanders, frogs, and caecilians.

Body Plan

A set of morphological and developmental traits that are integrated into a functional whole. Aka the living organism.

Cuticle

A tough coat that covers the body of a nematode

Choanocyte

A flagellated feeding cell found in sponges. Also called a collar cell, it has collar like ring that traps food particles around the base of its flagellum.

Mantle

One of the three main parts of a mollusc; a fold of tissue that drapes over the mollusc’s visceral mass and may secrete a shell. See also foot and visceral mass

Tetrapod

Member of the vertebrate clade characterized by limbs with digits; includes mammals, amphibians, birds and other reptiles

Ectothermic

Referring to organisms for which external sources provide most of the heat for temperature regulation.

Visceral Mass

One of the three main parts of a mollusc; the part containing most of the internal organs. See also foot and mantle.

Bilaterian

Member of the clade of animals with bilateral symmetry and three germ layers

Filter feeder

an animal the feeds using a filtration mechanism to strain small organisms or food particles from its surroundings

Chordate

Member of the phylum Chordata, animals that at some point during their development have a notochord

Opposable Thumb

A thumb that can touch the ventral surface (Fingerprint side) of the fingertip of all four fingers of the same hand with its own ventral surface

Pharyngeal Slits

In chordate embryos, one of the slits that form the pharyngeal clefts and communicate to the outside, later developing into gill slits in many vertebrates

Cyclostome

Member of one of the two main clades of vertebrates; they lack jaws and include lampreys and hagfishes

Endothermic

Referring to organisms that are warmed by heat generated by their own metabolism to maintain a stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment.

Gnathostome

Member of one of the two main clades of vertebrates; they have jaws and include sharks, ray finned fishes, coelacanths etc.

Hominin

A group consisting of humans and the extinct species that are more closely related to us than to chimpanzees

Endoderm

The innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract.

Notochord

A longitudinal, flexible rod that runs along the anterior posterior axis of a chordate in the dorsal part of the body

Marsupial

A mammal such as a koala, kangaroo or opossum whose young complete their embryonic development inside a maternal pouch

Osteichthyan

Member of a vertebrate clade with jaws and mostly bony skeletons

Synapsid

Member of an amniote clade distinguished by a single hole on each side of the skull.

Eutherian

Placental mammal; mammal whose young complete their embryonic development within the uterus, joined to the mother by the placenta.

Ectoderm

the outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos

Ediacaran Biota

An early group of macroscopic, soft bodied, multicellular eukaryotes known from fossils that range from 635mill to 541 mill years ago.

Reptile

Member of the clade amniotes that includes tuataras, lizards, snakes, turtles etc.

Mammal

Member of the class mammalia, amniotes that have hair and mammary glands.