Chemistry Exam- Ionic and Covalent Compounds, VSEPR

melts at a low temperature

covalent bond

shatters and splinters rather than turns into a powder when hit with a hammer

ionic

conducts electricity when dissolved in water but not as a solid

ionic

some are gases or liquids at room temperature

covalent

lattice structure

ionic

solution is not conductive

covalent

Na^+ has

lost a valence electron

True or False: In an Ionic Compound, a positively charges atom or group of atoms attracts a negatively charged atom or group of atoms

True

1 multiple choice option

True or False: an Ionic Compound, breaks apart when dissolved in water

True

1 multiple choice option

True or False: an Ionic Compound consists of 2 or more bonded atoms of similar electronegativity

False

True or False: In an Ionic Compound, there are several ions that group together in a tightly packed structure

True

If a compound has uniform crystals and has a conductivity of 4213 microS/cm, is it ionic or covalent?

ionic

As atoms bond with each other, they

decrease their potential energy, thus creating more stable arrangements of matter.

3 multiple choice options

A compound doesn't dissolve in water. Is it ionic or covalent?

one cannot tell

3 multiple choice options

A triple bond is ____ compared to a double bond

shorter and stronger

The greater the electronegativity difference between two bonded atoms, the greater the percentage of ____ in the bond.

ionic character

What is the difference in conductivity between ionic and covalent compounds in water and why?

-when ionic compounds dissolve in water, the compounds break apart and the negatively and positively charged ions move around, creating electricity

-electricity: moving of negative charges

-Covalently charges compounds are neutrally charged so when they are dissolved in water, there is no movement of negative charges => not conductivve when dissolved in water

What are potential complications of using tab water on the lab?

-could skew results and give false data

-tap water is treated with certain elements like chlorine (cleans water)

-elements could lower conductivity by having neutral charges and taking up space where negatively charged ions could move (limiting movement)

Which test on lab was the least helpful and why?

determining the solubility of a compound- neither ionic nor covalent compounds can be determined by solubility which varies compound to compound

ionic compound

-a compound composed of positive and negative ions

-metal and nonmetal

covalent compound

-atoms joined by covalent bonds- share electrons

-2 nonmetals

ionic bonds

-give/take of valence electrons

-between ions

covalent bonds

-sharing of valence electrons

nonpolar covalent bond

a covalent bond in which the electrons are shared equally by the two atoms

polar covalent bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally

lattice energy

the energy released when one mole of an ionic crystalline compound is formed from gaseous ions

difference in attraction strength give ionic and molecular compounds

different properties

bond energy

the energy required to break a chemical bond and form neutral isolated atoms

bond length

the average distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms

excellent conductor as a solid

metallic

has a sea of electrons

metallic

shiny

metallic

malleable

metallic

metallic bond

an attraction between a positive metal ion and the electrons surrounding it

VSEPR is short for

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion

why do atoms bond?

-if Potential Energy is lowered by doing so

- to have 8 valence electrons- stable

linear bond

trigonal planar bond

bent bond

tetrahedral bond

trigonal pyramidal bond

if there are 2 atoms bonded to the central atom and 0 unbonded pairs, then the shape is

linear

if there are 3 atoms bonded to the central atom and 0 unbonded pairs, then the shape is

trigonal planar

if there are 2 atoms bonded to the central atom and 1 unbonded pairs, then the shape is

bent

if there are 4 atoms bonded to the central atom and 0 unbonded pairs, then the shape is

tetrahedral

if there are 3 atoms bonded to the central atom and 1 unbonded pairs, then the shape is

trigonal pyramidal

if there are 2 atoms bonded to the central atom and 2 unbonded pairs, then the shape is

bent

what are the types of forces between molecules?

intermolecular forces

mono

one

di

two

tri

three

tetra

four

penta

five

hexa

six

hepta

seven

octa

eight

nona

nine

deca

ten

What is false about this statement: A hydrogen bond is a covalent bond between H and O in a water molecule.

A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular attraction, not a covent bond.

Correct this statement: A hydrogen bond is a covalent bond between H and O in a water molecule.

A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular attraction between hydrogen and the lone pairs of oxygen in H2O molecules

Which is the usually the central atom in a Lewis Structure?

Carbon (or the least electronegative atom)

a higher bond energy corresponds with a

shorter bond length

single bond

a covalent bond in which two atoms share one pair of electrons

double bond

A covalent bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms

triple bond

A chemical bond formed when atoms share three pairs of electrons

the strongest intermolecular forces exist between

polar molecules

when writing an ionic name, the ____ goes first

cation

cation

positive ion

anion

negative ion

diatomic elements

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

use roman numerals on compounds containing

transition metals, tin, lead, metals that form different ions

when writing covalent names, don't use ____ on the first element

prefixes

when naming both ionic and covalent compounds, add ___ to the second element

-ide

metallic compounds have a ____ structure

lattice