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Acids
Releases H+ ions in a solution
Alkalis
Releases OH- ions in a solution
Bases
Reacts with an acid to form ONLY salt and water
Salt
A substance formed when H+ ions in an acid are replaced by a metal ion
Dilute
Smaller amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent
Concentrated
Larger amount of the solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent
Strength
Refers to the degree to which the acid discociates (split up) into ions in water
Strong acid
Dissociate completely when dissolved in water. The concentration of hydrogen ions will be the same as the concentration of acid molecules
Weak
Acid only partially dissociate in water. Concentration of hydrogen ions will be less than concentration of acid molecules
Neutralisation reaction
Reaction between an acid and base
Acid + alkali neutralisation
H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O
Test for hydrogen
Lit splint burns with a squeaky pop
Test for carbon dioxide
Bubble through limewater and it will go cloudy
Solute
Substance that dissolves
Solvent
Substance that a solute dissolves in
Solution
Mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent
Aqueous solution
The mixture of a solute dissolved in water
Water of crystallisation
Water molecules chemical bonded within a crystalline structure
Hydrated
Water is tightly bound within the crystalline structure of a salt (Ionic compound). Contains water of crystallisation
Test for water
Add anhydrous cobalt chloride to water. Turn from blue to pink