Acids, alkalis, bases, salts, and solubilities

Acids

Releases H+ ions in a solution

Alkalis

Releases OH- ions in a solution

Bases

Reacts with an acid to form ONLY salt and water

Salt

A substance formed when H+ ions in an acid are replaced by a metal ion

Dilute

Smaller amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

Concentrated

Larger amount of the solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

Strength

Refers to the degree to which the acid discociates (split up) into ions in water

Neutralisation reaction

Reaction between an acid and base

Acid + alkali neutralisation

H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O

Test for hydrogen

Lit splint burns with a squeaky pop

Test for carbon dioxide

Bubble through limewater and it will go cloudy

Solute

Substance that dissolves

Solvent

Substance that a solute dissolves in

Solution

Mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

Aqueous solution

The mixture of a solute dissolved in water

Water of crystallisation

Water molecules chemical bonded within a crystalline structure

Hydrated

Water is tightly bound within the crystalline structure of a salt (Ionic compound). Contains water of crystallisation

Test for water

Add anhydrous cobalt chloride to water. Turn from blue to pink