Acids, alkalis, bases, salts, and solubilities

Acids

Releases H+ ions in a solution

Alkalis

Releases OH- ions in a solution

Bases

Reacts with an acid to form ONLY salt and water

Salt

A substance formed when H+ ions in an acid are replaced by a metal ion

Dilute

Smaller amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

Concentrated

Larger amount of the solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

Strength

Refers to the degree to which the acid discociates (split up) into ions in water

Strong acid

Dissociate completely when dissolved in water. The concentration of hydrogen ions will be the same as the concentration of acid molecules

Weak

Acid only partially dissociate in water. Concentration of hydrogen ions will be less than concentration of acid molecules

Neutralisation reaction

Reaction between an acid and base

Acid + alkali neutralisation

H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O

Test for hydrogen

Lit splint burns with a squeaky pop

Test for carbon dioxide

Bubble through limewater and it will go cloudy

Solute

Substance that dissolves

Solvent

Substance that a solute dissolves in

Solution

Mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

Aqueous solution

The mixture of a solute dissolved in water

Water of crystallisation

Water molecules chemical bonded within a crystalline structure

Hydrated

Water is tightly bound within the crystalline structure of a salt (Ionic compound). Contains water of crystallisation

Test for water

Add anhydrous cobalt chloride to water. Turn from blue to pink