Acids, alkalis, bases, salts, and solubilities

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20 Terms

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Acids

Releases H+ ions in a solution

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Alkalis

Releases OH- ions in a solution

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Bases

Reacts with an acid to form ONLY salt and water

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Salt

A substance formed when H+ ions in an acid are replaced by a metal ion

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Dilute

Smaller amount of solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

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Concentrated

Larger amount of the solute dissolved in a certain amount of solvent

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Strength

Refers to the degree to which the acid discociates (split up) into ions in water

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Strong acid

Dissociate completely when dissolved in water. The concentration of hydrogen ions will be the same as the concentration of acid molecules

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Weak

Acid only partially dissociate in water. Concentration of hydrogen ions will be less than concentration of acid molecules

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Neutralisation reaction

Reaction between an acid and base

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Acid + alkali neutralisation

H⁺ + OH⁻ → H₂O

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Test for hydrogen

Lit splint burns with a squeaky pop

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Test for carbon dioxide

Bubble through limewater and it will go cloudy

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Solute

Substance that dissolves

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Solvent

Substance that a solute dissolves in

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Solution

Mixture of a solute dissolved in a solvent

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Aqueous solution

The mixture of a solute dissolved in water

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Water of crystallisation

Water molecules chemical bonded within a crystalline structure

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Hydrated

Water is tightly bound within the crystalline structure of a salt (Ionic compound). Contains water of crystallisation

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Test for water

Add anhydrous cobalt chloride to water. Turn from blue to pink