IPS1 - [TDDS] - Introduction, General Considerations, And Administration

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)

These dosage forms are also known as TRANSDERMAL PATCHES.

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)

These are CONTROLLED release devices containing the drug for SYSTEMIC absorption after topical application to the skin surface.

Percutaneous absorption

Principle behind TDDS

● Backing film

● Drug Reservoir / Matrix System

● Adhesive (polymer)

● Membrane

● Liner

Components of Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems (TDDS)

Backing film

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

This component PROTECTS the system from environmental entry and from loss of drug from the system or moisture from the skin.

Drug Reservoir / Matrix System

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

This component contains the ACTIVE INGREDIENTS.

Drug Reservoir / Matrix System

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

This component is responsible for STORING and RELEASING the drug at the skin surface.

Matrix

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

Drug Reservoir is also known as the ___

Adhesive (Polymer)

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

This BINDS the components of the patch to the skin.

Adhesive (Polymer)

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

This component maintains CONTACT with the skin after application.

Membrane

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

This component CONTROLS the RELEASE of the drug from the reservoir in certain types of patches.

Liner/Release Liner

[TDDS COMPONENTS]

This component protects the drug during STORAGE and is REMOVED before application.

● Drug concentration

● Area of application

● Physicochemical attraction to the skin

● Drugs with molecular weights and lipid-water solubility

● Hydration of the skin

● Horny layer of the skin

● Contact time

Factors affecting Transdermal Absorption

TRUE

[FACTORS AFFECTING TDDS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

HIGHER drug concentration results in INCREASED drug absorption.

TRUE

[FACTORS AFFECTING TDDS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

LARGER surface area results in INCREASED drug absorption.

TRUE

[FACTORS AFFECTING TDDS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

Drugs in their UNIONIZED form results in INCREASED drug absorption.

TRUE

[FACTORS AFFECTING TDDS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

Drugs with LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT ( ≤ 400 ) results in INCREASED drug absorption.

TRUE

[FACTORS AFFECTING TDDS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

INCREASED skin hydration results in INCREASED drug absorption.

TRUE

[FACTORS AFFECTING TDDS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

THINNER horny layer(stratum corneum) results in INCREASED drug absorption.

TRUE

[FACTORS AFFECTING TDDS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

LONGER duration results in INCREASED drug absorption.

100-800 µg water/cm²

When skin hydration levels are within the range of ____ µg water/cm², it indicates good skin permeation

● Avoid GI absorption difficulties and incompatibilities

● Substitute for oral administration of drug when the route is unsuitable

● Avoid first-pass effect

● Avoid the inconvenience of parenteral therapy

● Provide extended therapy with a single application

● Provide extended activity of drugs having short half-lives

● Drug therapy may be terminated rapidly

● Rapid identification of medication in emergencies

ADVANTAGES of TDDS

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDS provides EXTENDED activity of drugs with SHORT half-lives.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDS used in drug therapy may be terminated RAPIDLY.

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDS provide RAPID identification of medication in emergencies.

● Only potent drugs are suitable for transdermal drug delivery

● Some patients may develop contact dermatitis due to one or more of the system components

DISADVANTAGES of TDDS

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE:

Only POTENT drugs are suitable for transdermal drug delivery.

● Percutaneous absorption may vary with the site of application

● TDDSs should be applied to clean, dry skin that is relatively free of hair and not oily, irritated, inflamed, broken, or callused

● Use of skin lotion should be avoided at the application site

● TDDSs should not be physically altered by cutting

● TDDS should be removed from its protective package with care not to tear or cut into the unit

● TDDS should be placed at a site that will not subject it to being rubbed off by clothing or movement

General Clinical Consideration in the use of TDDS [PART 1]

● TDDS generally may be left on when showering, bathing, or swimming

● TDDS should be worn for the full period stated in the product's instructions

● The patient or caregiver should be instructed to cleanse the hands thoroughly before and after applying a TDDS

● Reevaluate the patient in case of sensitivity, intolerance, or undue skin irritation to the TDDS

● Upon removal, a used TDDS should be folded in half with the adhesive layer together so that it cannot be reused

General Clinical Consideration in the use of TDDS [PART 2]

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

Percutaneous absorption MAY VARY with the site of application

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDSs should be applied to clean, DRY skin that is relatively FREE OF HAIR and NOT OILY, irritated, inflamed, broken, or callused.

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

Use of skin LOTION should be AVOIDED at the application site

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDSs SHOULD NOT be physically altered by CUTTING.

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDS should be removed from its protective package with care NOT TO TEAR or CUT into the unit

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDS should be placed at a site that will NOT SUBJECT it to being RUBBED off by clothing or movement

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDS generally MAY BE left on when showering, bathing, or swimming.

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

TDDS should be worn for the FULL period stated in the product's instructions

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

The patient or caregiver should be instructed to CLEANSE the hands thoroughly BEFORE and AFTER applying a TDDS.

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

REEVALUATE the patient in case of sensitivity, intolerance, or undue skin irritation to the TDDS.

TRUE

[TDDS GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS]

TRUE OR FALSE:

Upon removal, a used TDDS should be FOLDED IN HALD with the ADHESIVE layer together so that it cannot be reused.

● Electroporation

● Iontophoresis

● High-velocity powder particles

● Sonophoresis

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

TDDS administration includes:

Electroporation

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

This involves the application of SHORT and HIGH voltage electric pulses to create temporary pores in the skin's stratum corneum.

Iontophoresis

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

This involves the application of low ELECTRIC CURRENT or VOLTAGE to drive charged drug molecules through the skin.

High-velocity powder particles

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

This involves the use of SUPERSONIC SHOCK WAVES (helium gas) that penetrate the skin without the use of needles.

Helium gas

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

High-velocity powder particles involve the use of SUPERSONIC SHOCK WAVES using ___ gas

Jet Injection

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

High-velocity powder particles method is also known as ___

Sonophoresis

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

This is also known as PHONOPHORESIS.

Sonophoresis

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

This involves the transport of drugs through the skin using ULTRASOUND waves.

Ultrasound waves

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

Sonophoresis involves the transport of drugs through the skin using ___.

Phonophoresis

[TDDS ADMINISTRATION]

Sonophoresis is also known as ___