SFR 407 Midterm

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15 Terms

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6 Metrics Used to Describe Forest Stands

  1. Tree Species Composition

  2. Basal Area

  3. Tree Density

  4. Regeneration

  5. Woody Debris

  6. Soil Type

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Define Basal Area

The sum of the cross-sectional area of tree stems measured at 4.5 or average ground level (dbh). Expressed on per-acre or per-hectare basis

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Common Metrics Used to Describe Forest Stand Structure:

  1. Basal Area

  2. Tree Density

  3. Regeneration

  4. Woody Debris

  5. Species Composition

  1. Basal Area ba/ha

  2. Tree Density #/h

  3. Regeneration #/h

  4. Woody Debris CWD

  5. Species Composition (live trees only

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Two Types of Niches

  1. Spatial

  2. Temporal

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3 Scales of Spatial Niche

  1. Geographic Range of Species (large scale)

  2. Habitat location (medium)

  3. Regeneration Niche (small scale)

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3 Reasons for Competition

  1. Avoidance Strategy

  2. Mortality

  3. Growth Reduction

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4 Factors Influencing Competitive Outcomes

  1. Species

  2. Size (diameter, height, etc.)

  3. Number, size and proximity of Neighbor

  4. Resource Abundance

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Three General Types of Diversity

  1. Structural Diversity

  2. Functional Diversity

  3. Biological Diversity

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3 Types of Structural Diversity

  1. Horizontal Diversity

  2. Foliage Height Diversity

  3. Canopy Diversity

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7 ways to characterize functional diversity

  1. shade tolerance

  2. waterlogging tolerance

  3. drought tolerance

  4. wood densiy

  5. mass/size

  6. height at maturity

  7. specific leaf area

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4 ways to characterize Biological Diversity

  1. Genetic Diversity

  2. Stand Level (alpha)

  3. Among sites (beta)

  4. Regional (gamma)

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5 Ways to Measure Stand Level diversity

  1. Species Richness

  2. Species Evenness

  3. Diversity Indices (richness and evenness)

  4. Species-Area curve

  5. Rank Abundance Curve

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3 Types of Woody Debris

  1. Downed/Coarse Woody Debris

  2. Snags (standing dead)

  3. Fine Woody Debris

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8 Deadwood Benefits

  1. Nurse Logs

  2. Biological Archive

  3. Carbon Storage

  4. Site Productivity

  5. Erosion Control

  6. Stream habitat

  7. Habitat for vertebrates

  8. Habitat for saproxylic species

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3 Reasons why it is difficult to manage deadwood

  1. Range of deadwood sizes

  2. Range of deadwood species

  3. Range of deadwood decay classes