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Free Soil Ideology
The belief that new territories should not permit slavery in order to protect opportunities for white settlers.
Virginia Ordinance of Secession
The declaration by Virginia to secede from the Union, stating that the government was infringing on their property rights by abolishing slavery.
Anaconda Plan
The Union strategy during the Civil War to blockade southern ports and control the Mississippi River to suffocate the South economically.
Emancipation Proclamation
A presidential proclamation by Abraham Lincoln declaring that all slaves in rebellious states shall be free, effective from 1863.
Copperhead Democrats
Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and sought a negotiated peace with the Confederacy.
Battle of Gettysburg
A significant turning point battle in the Civil War, marking a critical Union victory and the beginning of the decline for the Confederacy.
Sherman's March to the Sea
A military campaign led by General Sherman aimed at destroying the South's economic resources and morale during the Civil War.
Gettysburg Address
A speech by President Lincoln that redefined the Civil War as a fight for equality and a new birth of freedom.
Second Inaugural Address
Lincoln's speech which emphasized reconciliation and healing after the Civil War, and acknowledged the moral implications of slavery.
Dred Scott Decision
The Supreme Court ruling that declared African Americans were not citizens and had no standing to sue in federal court, intensifying sectional tensions.
Fort Sumter
The site where the first shots of the Civil War were fired, leading to the Union's defeat and the start of open conflict.
