CLASSICAL PERIOD

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58 Terms

1

Sumerian

first civilization began in mesopotamia (land between rivers)

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2

Classical period

period of meso(middle) potam (river) between tigris and euphrates rivers

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3

Classical period

period of agriculture irrigation and wheels for chariots

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4

Cuneiform

classicql period: first writing system in clay tablet photographs

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5

Ziggurat

classical period: Ur (mountain of god), a temple to serve god and goddesses

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6

Uruk city

classical: first city, no building stones, made of sunbaked bricks

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7

Annunaki

classical: group of deities/skygod, royal blood

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8

Sexagesimal

classical: base 60 system

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9

Sargon of akkad

classical/babylonian: akkadian empire

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10

Babylonian

conquered by a man named sumu abum

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11

Babylon

most popular city/ state from ancient mesopotamia

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12

Code of hammurabi

babylonian: laws by hammurabi (first law giver) city to empire

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13

The hanging gardens of babylon

babylon: one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world, by king nebuchadnezzar for his wife queen amytis (plants, trees, vines)

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14

Babylonian

period of weapons made from bronze material, sexagasimal system w/ positional

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15

Egyptian

period of nile river, king narmer to king’s pharaohs

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16

Egyptian

period of temples, mummification, pyramids (pyramid of giza)

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17

Egyptian arabic or masri

egyptian: famous dialect

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18

Abstract form of hieratic

egyptian: writing

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19

Egypt

fruit basket of europe/greece

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20

Hieroglypics

egyptian: writing system used to record history and religious text

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21

Cleopatra

egyptian: most significant person

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22

Tutankhamun

egyptian: 19 years old young pharaoh whose tomb

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23

Papyrus

egyptian: paper like material from papyrus plant used for documents

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24

Egyptologist

studying egypt

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25

Mesopotamia

currently known as iraq, located between Tigris and Euphrates rivers, home to ancient civilizations 

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26

Babylonian

use sailboats and chariots as means of transportation

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27

Ptolemaic dynasty

egyptian: dynasty that ruled Egypt for 275 years , founded by Ptolemy I Soter who’s a general under Alexander the Great, founded after the death of Alexander the Great

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28

Rome

romans: republic ruled by the senate

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29

forum, basilica, the oantheon, colosseum, maison caree

roman cities

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30

Aqua appia

romans: first aqueduct

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31

Gazette

romans: first newspaper

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32

Julius ceasar

  • most successful Roman empire

  • conquered Egypt where Cleopatra is the queen

  • conquest of gaul

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33

Cleoparta

romans: the last active pharaoh of Ancient Egypt, she was known for her political acumen and romantic relationships with Roman rulers Julius Caesar and Mark Anthony.

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34

Mark antony

romans: funeral oration, second husband of Cleopatra with twins and the youngest

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35

Constantinople

romans: Emperor of modern-day Istanbul

  • First roman emperor to convert into a Christian 

  • Last emperor of Rome

  • The first to put his face in a coin

  • byzantium (constantine the great)

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36

Musa

romans: father of algebra

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37

Chinese

one of the world's four ancient civilization, middle kingdom

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38

Shang dynasty

chinese: the written history of China dates back to this period

  • known as the earliest dynasty in Chinese history

  • a period of significant technological and cultural advancements 

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39

Chinese

a period of silk, tea production, gun powder, compass, paper, medicine, porcelain, seed drill, wheelbarrow, GREAT WALL OF CHINA

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40

Marco polo

drew the map of china, downfall of the empire

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41

confucius

chinese: confiucianism

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42

Lao tzu

chinese: all wise man, father of taoism

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43

Silk road

china to mongolia to middle east

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44

Alexander the great

greek: invaded Persia (currently known as Iran) and freed Egypt from the largest empire at that time which is the Persian Empire (332 BC) 

  • he founded Alexandria in Egypt, which became the center of learning, trade, and cultural exchange

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45

Socrates

greek: socratic method

  • Father of Philosophy

  • Father of Good Logic

  • First founder of Academia 

  • he believes that all living things have soul

  • “the unexamined life is not worth living”

  • died due to hemlock (poison) 

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46

Plato

greek: student of Socrates

  • Established the first university in Europe, the Academy

  • Theory of Forms

  • producer of Mathematician

  • “love is a serious mental disease”

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47

Aristotle

greek: Student of Plato 

  • Teacher of Alexander the Great

  • Father of geology, biology, scientific method

  • founded the Lyceum

  • Theory of Five Elements (fire, water, earth, air, aether)

  • According to him, Earth is Geocentric

  • made a book which classifies living beings

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48

Thales of miletus

greek: considered as the first philosopher

  • one of the Seven Sages of Greece

  • known for his idea of cosmology based on water with Earth floating on a vast sea 

  • was known for his trigonometry, engineering, and astronomy

  • He discovered the solstice (earth is far from sun) and equinox (sun and earth is near)

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49

Pythagoras

  • Known for his Pythagorean Theorem 

  • fascinated on pyramid leading to the formation of his concept of trigonometry

  • believes that the universe follow mathematical laws

  • known to predict the future as he can communicate with animals

  • he likes to observe the cosmos and saw a bright star that he then called morning star (now Venus)

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50

Empedocles

  • gave the idea of Four Classical Elements (fire, water, earth, air), a theory that all substances are made of four pure indestructible elements

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51

Archimedes

  • Father of Mechanical Physics

  • discovers the simple machines including the screw, fulcrum, and lever

  • inventor of the catapult (used to destruct walls against invaders)

  • he approximated the value of pi

  • Principle of Buoyancy 

  • made the idea of the “powers of 10”

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52

Anaximander

  • student of Thales

  • developed the first idea of cosmos which is the Apeiron

  • known for his cosmology, a systematic philosophical view of the world

  • first to developed the map of the world

  • uses Klepsydra as clock

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53

Zeno of elea

dialectic, paradoxes, cosmology

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54

Eratosthenes of cyrene

  • Father of geography

  • one of the friends of Aristotle

  • first librarian in Alexandria Library

  • amillary sphere

  • first to drew the concept map of the world with longitude and latitude

  • measured the circumference of the Earth around 25,000 miles

  • he got the idea of axis and rotation of the Earth

  • he conceptualized and created a calendar and the leap year

  • he drew the crater of the moon

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55

Anaxagoras

  • the first to correctly explain the cause of solar eclipses

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56

Hippocrates

  • Father of medicine 

  • first scientist to accurately described disease symptoms like pneumonia, as well as epilepsy in children

  • Finger Clubbing (swelling or bloating of fingers)

  • Cure for hemorrhoids (disorder of the rectum and anus. 

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57

Galen

  • King of medicine

  • he drew human anatomy through dissecting a body.

  • roman’s greatest physician

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58

Ptolomy

  • he proposed the idea of Geocentric model of universe (earth is the center)

  • great grandpa of technology

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