Untitled Flashcards Set

What personal protective equipment should always be worn in the lab?

Safety goggles, gloves, and a lab coat.

What should you never do in the lab to avoid contamination?

Eat or drink.

What is the first step of the scientific method?

Observation.

What is a hypothesis?

A testable explanation for observations.

What are the three types of variables in an experiment?

Independent (manipulated), dependent (measured), and controlled variables.

What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

It is the control center of the cell that contains DNA.

What do mitochondria produce?

ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is energy for the cell.

What is the primary function of ribosomes?

Sites of protein synthesis.

What does the pH scale measure?

The acidity or basicity of a solution; 7 is neutral.

What indicates the atomic number of an element?

The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.

What does a positive Biuret test indicate?

The presence of proteins.

What is active transport?

Movement of molecules against their concentration gradient, requiring energy.

How do enzymes affect chemical reactions?

They lower the activation energy and speed up the reactions.

What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?

To modify, sort, and package proteins and lipids for secretion.

What distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?

Plant cells have a cell wall; animal cells do not.

What happens during passive transport?

Molecules move along their concentration gradient without the use of energy.

What is the result of the Iodine test for starch?

A positive result turns the solution blue-black.

What do Lewis Structures depict?

Bonds between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons.

What does temperature affect in enzyme activity?

Enzyme activity, as each enzyme has an optimal temperature range.

What is the definition of a concentration gradient?

A difference in concentration of a substance across a space.

What is the result of Benedict’s test for reducing sugars?

A positive result changes the color from blue to green/orange/red.

What is the significance of the mass number?

It is the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.