IB Biology Hl: animal and plant adaptations

herbivores

• require large masseter muscles connecting to the skull

• need a lot of muscles to chew the leaves with waxy cuticles

Give three types of evidence which can be found in the teeth of fossil skulls.

• Canine shape

• Teeth distribution

• Thickness of enamel

teeth of different animals

structure of insect mouthparts

• mandibulate; chewing. can be long

• haustellate; piercing/sucking. Can probe outside covers of animals and such liquids (ie blood)

examples of a chemical defense in plants

nettles; trichomes. needle like stingers which inject histamines, causing stinging.

example of physical defenses plants

roses; thorns. Sharp, and prevent larger herbivores from chewing on the stems

homologous feature

which has a single evolutionary origin