Transition metals

What is a transition metal

• d-block element which can form at least one stable ion with a partially filled d-orbital.

• They have properties such as conducting heat and electricity, and high melting and boiling points. They are sonorous, ductile, malleable and lustrous.

What is the difference between a transition metal and a d-block element

• A d-block element has its highest energy electron in the d sub-shell

• A transition metal is a d-block element which has a partially filled d sub-level in at least one stable ion.

What properties do transition metals have and the properties of their compounds

• Transition metals form compounds with different oxidation states

• They form coloured compounds

• The elements and the compounds can act as catalysts

How are variable oxidation states possible

• 4s and 3d sub-levels are very close in energy, so it is relatively to lose electrons from these sub-levels

Oxidation states and colour of common d block metal ions

How do transition metals act as catalysts

• As they show variable oxidation states, they can act as intermediates in the exchange of electrons between reacting species. This means they provide an alternative pathway for redox reactions

• They provide a surface for reactions to occur and metal forms weak bonds to reacting species holding them in place

What is the haber process

• Produces ammonia from hydrogen and nitrogen in the presence of a heterogenous iron catalyst

• Overtime iron catalyst gets poisoned by impurities so its efficiency is reduced and must be replaced