Human Transport System Flashcards

Flashcards covering the circulatory system, blood components, blood vessels, the human heart, and related health problems.

What are the main components of blood?

Plasma and Cells (Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets)

What are the two types of White Blood Cells?

Phagocytes and Lymphocytes

What is the primary function of red blood cells?

Transport oxygen using hemoglobin

What is the shape of red blood cells and why?

Biconcave shape to increase surface area for oxygen exchange.

Where are red blood cells formed?

Bone marrow of ribs and sternum

What is the lifespan of a red blood cell?

Approximately 100 days.

What is the function of lymphocytes?

Responsible for the production of antibodies which bind with bacteria.

What is the function of phagocytes?

Engulf and digest bacteria through phagocytosis.

What is the function of platelets?

Responsible for blood clotting.

What is the liquid component of blood?

Plasma

What is the role of the liver and kidney in maintaining plasma composition?

They help keep the composition of plasma constant.

What are the three main functions of blood?

Transport, Homeostasis, and Defence

What substances does blood transport?

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, food substances, urea, and hormones.

What is homeostasis in the body?

The ability of the body to maintain a stable internal environment.

What role does blood play in homeostasis?

Helps control water amount, maintain constant pH, and steady chemical levels.

How does blood contribute to defense?

White blood cells (phagocytes) engulf and digest bacteria.

What is tissue fluid?

A watery liquid that bathes cells, aiding in the exchange of materials.

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Arteries, Veins, and Capillaries

What is double circulation?

The lung (pulmonary) circuit and the body (systemic) circuit.

What type of muscle is the heart made of?

Cardiac muscle

What does myogenic mean in relation to the heart?

The heart does not need nerve impulses from the brain to contract.

What is atherosclerosis?

Narrowing and hardening of the arteries.

What is hypertension?

High blood pressure.

What is thrombosis?

Clogging of narrow blood vessels by blood clots.

What is Angina?

Cramps in the cardiac muscle caused by obstruction of blood flow to the heart.

Stroke

blood vessels in the brain rupture as a result of hypertension or complete blockage.

What happens during a heart attack?

The cardiac muscle stops contracting and dies due to lack of blood supply.