Nursing Care of Children with Regulatory Dysfunction

A comprehensive set of 200 vocabulary flashcards focusing on key terms, definitions, and critical concepts from the lecture on Nursing Care of Children with Regulatory Dysfunction.

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

A condition in which the pressure inside the skull increases, often due to excess cerebrospinal fluid.

Cushing's Triad

A clinical syndrome characterized by hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations, seen in severe increased ICP.

Glasgow Coma Scale

A scale used to assess a patient's level of consciousness based on verbal, motor, and eye-opening responses.

Hydrocephalus

A condition where there is an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain, leading to increased ICP.

Spina Bifida

A neural tube defect resulting from the failure of the neural tube to close during the early stages of embryonic development.

Intracranial Pressure (ICP) Etiology

Causes of increased ICP can include new-onset neuro pathology, hydrocephalus, and recent head injuries.

Neurogenic Bladder

A dysfunction of the bladder resulting from a problem with the nervous system, which can lead to urinary incontinence.

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

A genetic disorder that results in an inability to metabolize phenylalanine, leading to cognitive impairment.

Galactosemia

A rare metabolic disorder caused by an absence of the enzyme GALT, leading to toxic accumulation of galactose.

Blood Glucose Monitoring

The regular measurement of blood sugar levels to manage diabetes effectively.

Diabetes Mellitus

A chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to either deficient insulin production or insulin resistance.

Medical Management for ICP

Includes medications such as corticosteroids, osmotic diuretics, and antibiotics if there is an infectious cause.

Neurosurgery

Surgical procedures performed on the nervous system, including the brain and spinal cord.

Developmental Delay

A noticeable lag in a child's physical, cognitive, behavioral, emotional, or social development.

Hydrocephalus Symptoms in Infants

Common signs include tense and bulging fontanels, irritability, and developmental delays.

Seizure Classification

Seizures are categorized as focal, generalized, or unknown onset based on their symptoms.

Emergency Care for Seizures

Involves maintaining airway, monitoring vital signs, and documenting the seizure episode.

Tonic-Clonic Seizures

A type of generalized seizure characterized by stiffness and jerking movements.

Focal Seizures Without Impaired Awareness

Seizures where the consciousness remains intact, featuring localized symptoms.

Kernig's Sign

A physical exam finding suggesting meningitis, characterized by pain upon extending the leg after flexing at the knee and hip.

Brudzinski's Sign

A clinical sign of meningitis where flexing the neck causes involuntary bending of the legs.

Acidosis in Diabetes Mellitus

A condition resulting from increased lipolysis and decreased use of glucose by cells in diabetics.

Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale

A tool for assessing the level of consciousness in children based on eye, verbal, and motor responses.

Osmotic Diuretics

Medications used to reduce ICP by drawing excess fluid from the brain.

Pain Management in ICP

Involves using appropriate analgesics to manage discomfort in patients with increased ICP.

Educational Points for Diabetes Management

Key information that patients and parents should understand about managing diabetes, including signs of hypo- and hyperglycemia.

Urinary Tract Infection Prevention in Spina Bifida

Regular monitoring and management of the neurogenic bladder to minimize infection risks.

Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt

A surgical device implanted to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain to the abdominal cavity.

Hydration Management for ICP Patients

Ensuring adequate fluid balance without overhydration is critical for patients with increased ICP.

PKU Dietary Management

Involves a low-phenylalanine diet to prevent cognitive impairment and health issues.

Neurosurgical Post-Operative Care

Includes monitoring for increased ICP and complications, and physical positioning of the patient.

Meningitis Treatment

Immediate antibiotic administration and isolation to prevent droplet transmission.

Labratory Testing for Neurologic Dysfunction

Includes tests such as LP, EEG, and various imaging techniques to diagnose conditions.

Seizure Emergency Protocol

Involves managing the airway, administering medications, and monitoring the patient continuously.

Diabetes Diagnosis Criteria

Includes fasting blood glucose levels and oral glucose tolerance tests.

Cognitive Delay in PKU

A potential outcome of untreated phenylketonuria, affecting brain development.

Monitoring for Seizures

Involves observation of episodes and documenting specifics like duration and type.

Hydrocephalus Treatment

May include shunt placement, medication management, and regular monitoring.

Signs of Increased ICP

Include headache, vomiting, and consciousness changes among other neurological signs.

Neuro Assessment in Pediatrics

A thorough evaluation of the child's neurological status including reflexes and responsiveness.

Essential Diet for Galactosemia

Involves strict elimination of milk and other lactose-containing foods.

Neurogenic Bladder Types

Include spastic bladder, reflex bladder, and flaccid bladder.

Pediatric Nutrition Considerations

Special attention to dietary needs, especially in children with chronic health conditions.

Pain Management in Children

Involves using age-appropriate pain assessment tools and interventions.

Hydration Strategy in Diabetes

Includes monitoring blood glucose levels and adjusting fluid intake accordingly.

Seizures: Nursing Interventions

Focus on safety, documentation, and education during and after a seizure.

Vagal Nerve Stimulation

A treatment option for epilepsy that involves the implantation of a device that stimulates the vagus nerve.

Galactosemia Prognosis

Prognosis varies; early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for management.

Acute Inflammation of Meninges

Often leads to symptoms such as fever and neck stiffness, indicating meningitis.

Nutrition Management in Diabetes

Involves understanding carbohydrate counting and glycemic response.

Diagnostic Tests for Epilepsy

May include EEG, MRI, and comprehensive metabolic panels.

Medical Emergency for Seizures

Involves responding quickly to ensure patient safety and effective management.

Clinical Manifestations of Hydrocephalus

Can include developmental delays and physical symptoms like bulging fontanelle.

Growth Hormone Deficiency Management

Includes hormone therapy, monitoring growth patterns, and addressing psychosocial aspects.

Enzyme Deficiency in Galactosemia

The absence of GALT enzyme leads to accumulation of galactose, causing toxicity.

Hospital Care for Children with Neural Tube Defects

Involves a multidisciplinary team approach for effective management and support.

Corticosteroids in ICP Management

Used to reduce inflammation and edema in the brain.

Nutrition Constraints in PKU

Patients must avoid high-phenylalanine foods to maintain safe metabolite levels.

Imaging Techniques for Neurologic Assessment

CT and MRI are commonly used to visualize brain structure and identify abnormalities.

Dual Management of Seizures

Addressing both acute treatment and long-term management strategies for epilepsy.

Nutritional Needs for Children with Diabetes

Focus on balanced meals, appropriate insulin timing, and education.

Prevention Strategies for Hydrocephalus

Can include prenatal care and nutritional supplementation.

Early Diagnosis in PKU

Involves newborn screening to prevent cognitive impairments.

Neuro Assessment - Behavioral Changes

Observations of irritability, altered consciousness, and developmental delays in children.

Phenylalanine Hydroxylase

An enzyme responsible for metabolizing phenylalanine, deficient in PKU.

Types of Seizures Explained

Understand the differences and characteristics of focal and generalized seizures.

Post-Seizure Care

Includes ensuring patient safety and monitoring for complications.

Care for Patients with Hydrocephalus

Involves regular monitoring and possible surgical intervention.

Family Support for Chronic Conditions

Critical for mental health and effective management of childhood diseases.

Nutritional Education for Parents

Essential for managing dietary restrictions in children with metabolic disorders.

Professional Support for Diabetes Management

Includes endocrinologists, nurses, and dietitians collaborating for optimal care.

Hydrocephalus: Clinical Care

Focuses on managing fluid balance and neurological assessment.

Galactosemia: Early Signs and Symptoms

Can include failure to thrive and jaundice shortly after birth.

Emergency Preparedness for Seizures

Education on recognizing and responding to seizure episodes.

Clinical Manifestations of Diabetes

Involves understanding the symptoms of hypo- and hyperglycemia.

Education on Hydrocephalus Management

Critical for caregivers to understand the condition and management strategies.

PKU: Long-term Outcomes

Includes cognitive function and behavioral assessments as the child grows.

Common Risks for Children with Spina Bifida

Hydrocephalus and neurogenic bladder are prevalent complications.

Supportive Therapy for Children with Diabetes

Includes routine follow-ups and mental health support for patients and families.

Nutritional Factors in Managing Diabetes

Carbohydrate counting and macro-nutrient balance are key in dietary planning.

Meningitis Educating Families

Essential to discuss prevention, symptoms, and treatment options.

Long-term Follow-up for Children with ICP

Critical for monitoring development and cognitive function.

Therapeutic Management of Diabetes

Goal is to maintain glycemic control and prevent complications.

Behavioral Changes in PKU Children

Monitoring for hyperactivity and emotional instability as part of care.

Core Education on Diabetes for Parents

Teaching parents about insulin, blood sugar monitoring, and emergency management.

Diagnosis of Seizure Disorders

Based on clinical history, physical examinations, and diagnostic testing.

Support Groups for Chronic Conditions

Providing families with resources and community support for management.

Pathophysiology of Diabetes Mellitus

Understanding the metabolic imbalances that result in diabetes.

Monitoring Neurologic Signs in Children

Key for early detection of complications in conditions like hydrocephalus.

Long-term Dietary Management for PKU

Requires ongoing monitoring and potential dietary adjustments throughout life.

Medication Side Effects in Seizures

Include sedation and the need for routine blood work to monitor levels.

Diabetes Mellitus: Pathophysiological Changes

Involve alterations in glucose metabolism and hormonal responses.

Educational Resources for Diabetes Management

Important for families to access reliable and comprehensive information.

Signs of Severe Meningitis in Children

Rapid identification of symptoms such as fever and neck stiffness is critical.

Key Components of Diabetes Education

Focusing on lifestyle choices, dietary management, and glucose monitoring.

Healthcare Team Roles in Managing Pediatric Conditions

Multi-disciplinary approaches enhance outcomes and support for children.

Dietary Assessment for Metabolic Disorders

Critical for planning individualized meal plans to ensure nutritional adequacy.

Clinical Evaluation of Neurologic Function

Focus on examining cranial nerves, reflexes, and motor functions.

Teaching Strategies for Families with Chronic Illnesses

Effective communication and education are essential for long-term management.

Family Involvement in Children's Healthcare Plans

Crucial for adherence, education, and emotional support.