Microbio GI Infections-lecture 4

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136 Terms

1
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Herpes labialis pathogen

HSV1 (oral) or HSV2 (genital)

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herpes labialis symptoms

Prodromal Tingling Pain

Vesicle Formation Ulceration with Crusting

anterior cervical adenopathy

<p>Prodromal Tingling Pain</p><p>Vesicle Formation Ulceration with Crusting</p><p>anterior cervical adenopathy</p>
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herpes labialis treatment

antivirals

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Herpes gingivostomatitis pathogen

HSV1 or HSV2

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Herpes gingivostomatitis symptoms

Prodromal Symptoms

Vesicle Formation/Ulceration

Edematous and Erythematous Gingivae

Resent on Gingiva and Hard Palate and buccal mucosa

<p>Prodromal Symptoms</p><p>Vesicle Formation/Ulceration</p><p>Edematous and Erythematous Gingivae</p><p>Resent on Gingiva and Hard Palate and buccal mucosa</p>
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herpes gingivostomatitis treatment

antivirals

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Trush / oral candidiasis pathogen

Candida albicans

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Trush / oral candidiasis symptoms

white, flaky, curd-like plaques (non adherant)

burning sensation

-risk factor: antibiotics, immunocompromised, inhalers

<p>white, flaky, curd-like plaques (non adherant)</p><p>burning sensation</p><p>-risk factor: antibiotics, immunocompromised, inhalers</p>
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Trush diagnosis

-KOH prep

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Trush / oral candidiasis treatment

Oral Nystatin Rinse or Lozenge

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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis "trench mouth" pathogen

Polymicrobial Infection: Oral Anaerobes

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trench mouth risk factors

young adults under stress

immunocompromised, malnourished

polysubstance abusers

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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis symptoms

Oral Pain, Halitosis, Ulceration

metallic taste, tooth mobility, lymphadenopathy

<p>Oral Pain, Halitosis, Ulceration</p><p>metallic taste, tooth mobility, lymphadenopathy</p>
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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis treatment

eliminate contributing factors

chlorohexidine rinses

surgical debridement

antimicrobial therapy

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sialadenitis pathogen

S. aureus

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sialadenitis symptoms

Swelling and Pain of Gland (parotid and submandibular)

Pus can be expelled from duct

<p>Swelling and Pain of Gland (parotid and submandibular)</p><p>Pus can be expelled from duct</p>
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Sialadenitis treatment

PO or IV antibiotics

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Gastritis

inflammation of the stomach

presents with nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain

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Gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

presents with N/V, abdominal discomfort, diarrhea

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Diarrhea

watery, loose, non-formed stool, large volume loss

can be quantified by # of episodes

-small intestine related pathologies

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Dysentery

-Bloody, pus containing episodes of diarrhea

-fever, distrucable bleeding

-colon and large instestine with mucosal destruction

22
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Peptic Ulcer Disease-H pylori gastritis pathogen

Helicobacter pylori

-adheres to gastric/duodenal cells

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peptic ulcer disease symptions

Dyspepsia (pain in epigastrium)

Nausea/Vomiting

+/- GI Bleeding

Melena

Exacerbation with Food (pepetic ulcer-during eating)

Alleviation with food (duodenal ulcer-aftering eating)

perforation

<p>Dyspepsia (pain in epigastrium)</p><p>Nausea/Vomiting</p><p>+/- GI Bleeding</p><p>Melena</p><p>Exacerbation with Food (pepetic ulcer-during eating)</p><p>Alleviation with food (duodenal ulcer-aftering eating)</p><p>perforation</p>
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H pylori diagnosis

Urea breath test

Stool antigen test

Serum

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H pylori treatment

quadruple therapy (anti acid and antibiotics)

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Viral Gastoenteritis pathogens

Rotavirus and Notovirus

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rotavirus

fecal contaiminated food (1-3 days)

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notorious

shellfish, fecal contaminated food (12-48 hrs)

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Viral Gastroenteritis symptoms

N/V

Diarrhea

General Abdominal Pain/Cramping

Dehydration

<p>N/V</p><p>Diarrhea</p><p>General Abdominal Pain/Cramping</p><p>Dehydration</p>
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Viral Gastroenteritis treatment

fluid and electrolyte replacement

supportive care

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Bacillus cereus gastroenteritis dietary association

reheated fried rice (short incu.: 2-3hrs)-PREFORMED

Meat, stews, gravy (incu. 10-16hrs)-ENTEROTOXIN

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B. cereus gastroenteritis treatment

supportive care, self limiting

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B. cereus gastroenteritis symptoms

Vomiting +/- diarrhea (Pre-formed)

OR

diarrhea, abd cramping +/- Nausea (enterotoxin)

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S. aureus gastroenteritis dietary association

Mayonnaise-containing Salads at Room Temperature, Cream/Custard/Dairy-Based Foods

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S. aureus gastroenteritis symptoms

vomiting > diarrhea

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S. aureus gastroenteritis treatment

supportive care

incu. 1-8 hrs

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C. perfringens gastroenteritis dietary association

rewarmed meat and poultry

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C. perfringens gastroenteritis symptoms

Diarrhea

+/- vomiting

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C. perfringens gastroenteritis treatment

supportive care

incu. 8-16 hrs

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C. botulinum gastroenteritis dietary association

Improperly Canned Foods

Infantile: Honey

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C. botulinum gastroenteritis symptoms

N/V, Diarrhea Diplopia

Neurological progression

CN Palsies

Bilateral Descending Flaccid Paralysis

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C. botulinum gastroenteritis treatment

Antitoxin

Emergent clinical diagnosis

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Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis transmission

fecal-oral

-poultry, unpasteurized milk, food contaminated with animal feces

-Travel

3 day incubation

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Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis symptoms

Watery Foul Smelling Diarrhea

Bloody Stools

Fever

Abdominal Pain

Guillain-burre syndrome

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Campylobacter jejuni gastroenteritis treatment

antibiotics

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Vibrio cholerae food

fecal oral

-water, shellfish, raw fruit.veggies

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Vibrio cholerae symptoms

"rice water stools"-

~15L fluid loss per day

dehydration-will die if not given water

2 day incubation

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Vibrio cholerae treatment

Fluid and Electrolyte Replacement

Antimicrobial Therapy (Shorten Duration of Illness)

49
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salmonella enterica dietary association

Eggs, Poultry, Unpasteurized Milk

Seen with improper food handling

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salmonella enterica symptoms

diarrhea

low-grade fever

24-48 hrs

-stoool culture to diagnose

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salmonella enterica treatment

fluid and electrolyte replacement

antibiotic if immunocompromised

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salmonella enterica pathophysiology

limited to submucose (lamina propria)

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salmonella typhi transmission

fecal-oral, normally from asymptomatic carriers

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salmonella typhi symptoms

Enteric fever

matastatic infx: UTI, biliary tree carreir asymptomatic

6-30 days

ASYMPTOMATIC Carrier State: Still Can Spread Disease

Diagnosis: stool or blood cultures

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salmonella typhi treatment

IV or PO antibiotics

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salmonella typhi pathophysiology

disseminated disease/bacteremia

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enteric fever

stepwise fevers and headahce

intermittent diarrhea

bacteremia

intestinal perforation and hemorrhage (>2 weeks after infection)

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shigella spp. transmission

fecal-oral

contaminated food/water

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shigella spp. enterocolitis symptoms

Dysentery/ severe diarrhea

Vomiting

Fever

Abdominal Pain

tenesmus

1-7 days

diagnosis: stool culture

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shigella spp. enterocolitis treatment

Supportive Care

Antibiotic Therapy

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Shigella Spp pathophysiology

only 10 bacterial cells needed to cause disease, very resistant

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C. diff transmission

fecal-oral

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C diff pathogenesis

colonization of large intestine

antibiotic use

over-proliferation of C diff

development of pseudomembranous colitis

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C. diff symptoms

Fever

Abdominal Pain

Foul-Smelling Non-Bloody Diarrhea

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C. diff diagnosis

stool sample

-Elisa: exotoxin

-PCR: toxin-encoding gene

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C. diff treatment

Oral antibiotic

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E. coli prevention

catheter care

thoroughly cooking good/boiling water

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E. coli enterotoxigenic acquisition

contaminated food/water, traveling

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E. coli enterotoxigenic toxin

Heat Labile/Heat Stable Toxin

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E. coli enterotoxigenic disease location

Small Intestine

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E. coli enterotoxigenic symptoms

watery diarrhea

NON- BLOODY

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E. coli enteropathogenic acquisition

Fomites, Nursery-Related Outbreaks (KIDS)

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E. coli enteropathogenic disease location

small intestine

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E. coli enteropathogenic symptoms

watery diarrhea

NON-BLOODY

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E. coli Enterohemorrhagic acquisition

undercooked hamburger meat

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E. coli Enterohemorrhagic toxin

shiga-like toxins

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E. coli Enterohemorrhagic disease location

large intestine

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E. coli Enterohemorrhagic symptoms

hemorrhagic colitis

Hemolytis Uremic Syndrome

BLOODY DYSENTERY

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E. coli enteroinvasive acquistion

Contaminated Food/Water

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E. coli enteroinvasive toxin

Shigella-Like toxin

81
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E. coli enteroinvasive disease location

large and small intestine

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E. coli enteroinvasive symptoms

DYSENTERY Fever

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E. coli enteroaggregative acquisition

Contaminated Food/Water

Traveling

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E. coli enteroaggregative toxin

Enteroaggregative Heat Stable Enterotoxin

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E. coli enteroaggregative disease location

small intestine

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E. coli enteroaggregative symptoms

Recurrent Watery Diarrhea (>14 days)

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hwmolytic uremic syndrome

hemolytic anemia

thyrobocytopenia

acute fenal failure

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E coli intestinal infection treatments

Supportive Care

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Hepatitis A pathogen

RNA hepatovirus

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Hepatitis A symptoms

RUQ Abdominal Pain

Acute onset of N/V, diarrhea, anorexia, fever/chills

Jaundice and Pruritus

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Hepatitis A diagnosis

HepA IgM antibody blood test

(only way to tell which Hep it is)

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Hepatitis A treatment

Supportive care

-does NOT cause chronic disease

-get lifelong immunity

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hepatitis B pathogen

DNA hepadnavirus

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hepatitis B transmission

perinatal, percutaneous, sexual contact, infected body fluids

-MAINLY IV DRUG USE

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hepatitis B symptoms

Acute:

N/V

Diarrhea

RUQ Pain

Jaundice

Chronic:

Asymptomatic Progressive Necro-Inflammatory Disease of the Liver

Cirrhosis

SAME AS HEP A-----BLOOD TEST

<p>Acute:</p><p>N/V</p><p>Diarrhea</p><p>RUQ Pain</p><p>Jaundice</p><p>Chronic:</p><p>Asymptomatic Progressive Necro-Inflammatory Disease of the Liver</p><p>Cirrhosis</p><p>SAME AS HEP A-----BLOOD TEST</p>
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hepatitis B treatment

Antiviral Regimen and Prevention of Disease Spread

vaccination for prevention

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hepatitis C pathogen

hepacivirus, single stranded RNA virus

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Hepatitis C symptoms

Acute: N/V, RUQ Pain, Jaundice

Chronic: Progression to Cirrhotic Liver Disease

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hepatitis C treatment

antivirals

-rare to self resolve-most become chronic if no treatment

-does not give lifelong immunity

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Acute onset of Hepatitis

Surface antigen positive

antibody to core antigen positive