Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 11 Lecture Notes

Flashcards for vocabulary review.

Sensory Receptors

Sensory receptors that are sensitive to different types of stimuli.

Dendrites

Sensory receptors that are part of our sensory neurons, monitor conditions internally and externally.

Thermo receptors

Sensory receptors that detect temperature changes.

Mechanoreceptors

Sensory receptors that respond to physical touch.

Specialized Receptor Cells

Sensory receptors that are specific in what they actually respond to, such as rods and cones for vision.

Smaller Receptive Field

The more precise it is.

Broad and Large Receptive Field

In this case, it is less precise.

Sensation

Detecting the stimulus and sensory information coming in.

Conduction

Movement of action potentials that take information to the cerebral cortex.

Cerebral Cortex

Integration area, the central nervous system decides what needs to happen.

Adaptation

Stimuli that adapt, where signals are not arriving at the cerebral cortex as much as before.

Pain

A sense that exhibits poor adaptation, continuing until the problem is fixed.

Special Senses

Senses that are only located within the head.

Olfaction

Another term for smell.

Balance/Equilibrium

Vestibule and semicircular canals within the inner ear.

Gustation

Another term for taste.

General Senses

Senses that can be found throughout the body.

Thermo Receptors

Sensory receptors all over the body.

Proprioception

The ability to determine where your arms or legs are even when your eyes are closed.

Nociception

Sensory receptors that detect pain all over the body.

Cranial Nerve One

Cranial nerve responsible for olfaction.

Cranial Nerves Seven and Nine

Cranial nerves responsible for gustation.

Taste/Gustation

Another term for taste.

Cranial Nerve Two

Cranial nerve responsible for vision.

Cranial Nerve Two

Optic nerve

Cranial Nerve Seven

Facial nerve

Cranial Nerve Nine

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Cranial Nerve Eight

Cranial nerve responsible for hearing.

Cranial Nerve Eight

Vestibulocochlear nerve

General Senses

Distributed throughout the body (pain, temperature, touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception).

Iris

The colored portion of the eye, responsible for allowing for the diameter of the pupil to change in size.

Sclera

The white of the eye, part of the fibrous tunic.

Cornea

Allows the light to initially enter into the eye.

Pupil

Opening allowing the light to come through.

Aqueous Humor

Fluid within the anterior cavity, appears more watery

Vitreous Humor

Fluid within the posterior cavity, very viscous

Vitreous Humor

Presses to make sure that the retina stays pressed against the choroid.

Cornea

Clear region of the fibrous tunic that allows the light to enter into the anterior cavity

Refraction

In the bending of light that allows for focus on light on the retina.

Glaucoma

It causes damage because that increase in pressure can actually press on the retina.

Cornea

Clear portion that's allowing the light to come into the eye.

Aqueous Humor

More so liquid like fluid that's going to be within the anterior cavity.

Pupil

Allows the light to actually enter into the eye and eventually go to the more so posterior cavity.

Iris

Colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil

Ciliary Body

Helps to allow for the change in the shape of the lens

Lacrimal Gland

Continuously secrete tears

Nervous Tunic

Retina with lots of photoreceptors, is a part of the

Choroid

Very vascular, helping to bring in that blood so that the oxygen and nutrients can get to the retina.

Fibrous Tunic

Connected with cornea, part of the sclera

Cripple Form Plate

A part of the ethmoid bone

Epithelium

The outer layer has been that pigmented part absorbing any extra light.

Those cones

There for color vision.

Those rods

Are there for our ability to see in dim light.

Optic Nerves

They can cross at the optic chiasm.

Direct Response

Is when you shine light into one eye, and you're looking specifically at that pupil to see if it constricts and how well it does.

Consensual Response

Is when you're gonna go in and you're gonna look at the opposite eye and make sure that those two pupils are constricting simultaneously together

Outer Ear

Includes the oracle/pinna which collect sound waves, and the ear canal, which transports sound waves to the eardrum

Ear Canal

Which transports sound waves to the eardrum

Three Connected Bonds

The malleus, incus, and stapes transmit the vibrations through the middle ear.

Tympanic Membrane

They contain sound waves and vibrates in response to the sound waves.

Vibrations through the Middle Ear

Malleus, Incus, and Stapes

Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Is caused by disease or damage to the nervous pathway from the organ of Corti to the vestibulocochlear nerve and central auditory system in the brainstem

Meniere's Disease

Is by disease or damage to the nervous pathway from the organ of Corti to the vestibulocochlear nerve and central auditory system in the brainstem.

Olfactory Epithelium

It is in the more so superior portion of the nasal cavity, and that it is important that we actually have some of these little openings here within the ethmoid bone, and that's actually the cripple form plate.

Olfactory Epithelium Components

Three parts: the receptor cells that are actually detecting those odorants, also supporting cells, and even basal stem cells that can actually give rise to more of those receptor cells.

Bowman's Gland

Helping to secrete mucus, helping to make sure we have that lubrication of the olfactory epithelium.

The Olfactory Bulb and then Olfactory Tract

Alpha little quarter, so it goes to the, after cripple form plate

Gestation/Taste

In order for us to actually taste the chemicals from the food that we're consuming, you actually need to have those chemicals that have come from the food to be dissolved within the saliva

Hypoglossal and Cranial Nerve 12

They do NOT have any sensory information, or it doesn't process taste, and of course sensory information as well. Because hypoglossal and cranial nerve 12, it is only motor.

Facial Nerve

Allowing you to taste the more so anterior two thirds of the tongue and also because it's facial, allowing for those different facial expressions as well and that is going to be

Cranial Nerve 9

Glossopharyngeal also helping with say swallowing for example. So glossal referring to the tongue, pharynx or pharyngeal is referring now to the pharynx. And this is going to be where you would actually allow for the food to move from the oral cavity and into, say, the pharynx or, of course, the throat.

The Vagus Nerve

Important for the swallowing, talking, and that cough reflex.