APUSH Lecture Notes - Market Revolution & Society Changes

These flashcards cover key concepts and terminology related to the Market Revolution and social changes in early American society, focusing on economic, cultural, and political transformations.

Market Revolution

A period of rapid growth in the U.S. economy due to industrialization and innovations in technology, agriculture, and commerce.

Cotton Gin

A machine that quickly and efficiently removes seeds from cotton fibers, significantly increasing cotton production.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, intuition, and the divinity of nature as paths to spiritual truth.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement that emphasized personal faith and the importance of active church participation.

Nativism

A policy or belief that favors the interests of native-born Americans over those of immigrants.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement passed in 1820 allowing Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state and Maine as a free state, establishing a line between free and slave states.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy established in 1823 that opposed European colonialism in the Americas.

Spoils System

The practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

Underground Railroad

A network of secret routes and safe houses used by enslaved people to escape to free states.

Peculiar Institution

A euphemism for the system of slavery in the southern United States.

Fugitive Slave Act

Laws that required the return of escaped enslaved people to their owners.

Amistad

An 1839 slave rebellion on the ship Amistad, where slaves took control of the vessel in an effort to return to Africa.