Ap world history 8/17/2026
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70 Terms
Islamic empire known for its Golden Age of learning and trade.
Eastern Roman Empire, famous for Constantinople and Orthodox Christianity.
West African empire rich in gold and trade; ruled by Mansa Musa.
Largest land empire; united by Genghis Khan, promoted trade and safety.
Muslim kingdom ruled by a sultan.
Weaker states paid stronger ones for protection or peace.
Feudalism
System where landowners gave land for loyalty and service.
Government run by officials and departments.
“Mongol Peace”; safe trade and travel across Eurasia.
Muslim empire centered in Turkey; strong military and trade.
Persian empire; promoted Shi’a Islam.
Indian empire blending Muslim and Hindu cultures.
Global empire built through exploration and colonization.
Expanded across Eurasia; ruled by powerful tsars.
Empires using gunpowder weapons (Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal).
Empire run through organized government offices.
Absolutism
political system in which a king or queen has total control
Land routes connecting China to Europe for luxury goods.
East African trade cities linking Africa to Asia.
Sea routes connecting Africa, Arabia, India, and China.
Trade across the Sahara; gold and salt exchanged.
Roadside inns for travelers and merchants.
Paths connecting regions for exchange of goods and ideas.
Merchant groups living abroad are spreading culture.
Expanding trade and money use in economies.
Growth of cities due to trade and population.
Sharing ideas, goods, and beliefs between societies.
Spread of technologies or ideas across regions.
Blending of different cultures or religions.
Chinese philosophy focused on respect and order.
Mix of Confucian, Buddhist, and Daoist ideas.
Religion teaching enlightenment through the Eightfold Path.
Indian religion with karma, dharma, and reincarnation.
Japanese religion honoring nature and ancestors.
Branch of Christianity from the Byzantine Empire.
Western Christian church led by the Pope.
“House of Islam”; lands under Muslim rule.
Islamic leader and successor to Muhammad.
Majority branch of Islam; believed caliphs should be chosen.
Minority branch; believed caliphs must be Muhammad’s descendants.
Religion blending Islam and Hinduism; founded in India.
Christian branch breaking from Catholicism during Reformation.
Movement challenging Catholic Church; led by Martin Luther.
Church’s response to fix corruption and reaffirm beliefs.
Acceptance of different faiths.
Belief that monarchs rule by God’s will.
Triangular sail allowing ships to sail against wind.
Large Chinese ship used for long voyages.
Tool for navigation using Earth’s magnetic field.
Allowed camels to carry heavy loads across deserts.
Currency made of paper instead of metal coins.
Early Chinese credit system for merchants.
Seasonal winds aiding Indian Ocean trade.
Explosive used in weapons and fireworks.
Founder of the Mongol Empire; united nomadic tribes.
Mongol ruler or leader.
Venetian traveler who described Asia to Europe.
Muslim traveler who documented his journeys across the Islamic world.
Chinese admiral who led massive voyages for trade and diplomacy.
Ottoman ruler known for law and culture.
Safavid ruler who strengthened Persia.
Mughal ruler known for religious tolerance.
Started the Protestant Reformation.
First Russian tsar; expanded territory harshly.
Modernized Russia and expanded its power.
Educated class running China’s government.
Peasants bound to land under feudal lords.
Japanese warrior class loyal to their lords.
Traders who grew wealthy through commerce.
Plague that killed millions and changed Europe’s economy.