VI. Drawing Inferences & Conclusions

Inference

• are assumptions formed by combining information from a text with prior knowledge. (What I see + what I know)

Conclusion

• are judgments made by readers based on evidence and analysis of a text.

Target Audience

• a specific group that a product, message, or content is intended to reach.

Target Audience

• knowing helps tailor communication to their preferences and needs.

Hypothetical Audience

• imagined/theoretical group. Inferences rely on assumptions.

Experts

• they possess specialized knowledge. Base inferences on informed opinions & relevant data.

Laypeople

• these are non-specialists.

  • they aim for clarity & simplicity.

Managerial

• need concise, actionable insights for strategic decisions.

Rank and File

• are practical info, relatable examples, and information relevant to daily tasks.

Transitional Devices

• act as a signpost that guides readers through the author's thought process and also signals shifts in topics.

Addition

• expands the discussion with new evidence or viewpoints.

Contrast

• presents opposing views or alternative perspectives.

Cause & Effect

• establishes causal connections between ideas.

Chronological / Sequential

• present events or steps in logical order.