Meiosis and Genetic Variation

Flashcards focused on key concepts and facts about meiosis and genetic variation for exam preparation.

What is the primary purpose of meiosis?

To produce haploid gametes and increase genetic diversity.

What are the two main stages of meiosis?

Meiosis I and Meiosis II.

What is the difference between haploid (n) and diploid (2n) cells?

Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, while diploid cells have two sets.

What happens during crossing over in prophase I?

Nonsister chromatids exchange DNA segments, increasing genetic variation.

What is independent assortment?

The random orientation of homologous chromosomes during metaphase I, resulting in genetic variation.

What does a gamete contain in terms of chromosome sets?

A gamete contains a single set of chromosomes, meaning it is haploid (n).

How many possible chromosome combinations can arise from independent assortment in humans?

More than 8 million combinations (2^23).

What is a zygote?

A fertilized egg that has one set of chromosomes from each parent.

What unique events occur in meiosis I but not in mitosis?

Synapsis of homologous chromosomes and the formation of tetrads; crossing over.

What is the significance of genetic variation in evolution?

Genetic variation contributes to the adaptability and survival of populations through natural selection.