HIV

Med Surg exam 1

Stage I of HIV

Acute HIV Infection
- usually short
- viral load is high
- sexual transmission is possible

Stage II of HIV

Chronic HIV infection
- usually when adults are diagnosed, seek care, and are treated - drug therapy begins

Stage III of HIV

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
- patient is at high risk for infections
- once diagnosed, it remains stage III even with improvement

what happens when HIV enters a CD4+ T cell?

the host cell stops being an immune system cell and becomes a virus factory

As CD4+ count falls..

..viral load rises

what is the HIV life cycle?

binding, fusion, reverse transcription, intergration, replication, assembly, budding

2 subtypes of HIV

HIV-1 and HIV-2

Characteristics of HIV-1

A more common subtype found in most of the world. This is the most virulent type

Where is HIV-2 Primarily found?

Western Africa

How is HIV spread?

body fluids

3 routes of spreading

Sexually, parenterally (blood on shared needles), and parinatrally (mom to kid [placenta, birthing fluids, breast milk])

#1 way to prevent HIV spread

abstinence

what is preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP)?

used for people at risk for infection, for people who are HIV negative, *Taken before exposure*, emergent situation, can be used for potential exposures as well

19. what is Treatment as Pre- vention (TASP)?

taking HIV meds if you are HIV positive to prevent sexual transmission to others that are negative

what kind of precautions are used for patients in stage III that exhibit symp- toms of TB?

airborne

Labs for HIV

serologic & virologic tests (detect infection), lymphocyte counts, CD4 counts, viral load testing

what is the priority prob- lem to manage with HIV?

preventing transmission

HIV

chronic disorder of impaired immunity

candidas

yeast in the mouth and an example of an opportunistic infection

what is the #1 spread prevention of HIV?

handwashing

what should you include in education for immunosuppressed patients?

Stay away from crowds, no fresh fruits/flowers, and no undercooked food.