Measurements in Biomechanics

How do you test strength

manual muscle testing and dynamometry

how do you test ROM

goniometry and muscle length tests

what is AROM

patient moves their limb using their own muscles

what is AAROM

patient has help to move their limbWh

what is PROM

patient does not participate AT ALL in moving their limb

what is RROM

patient performs AROM with resistance

Patient lifts leg into hip flexion (AROM, AAROM, PROM, RROM?)

AROM

The patient uses a dowel to perform shoulder flexion with both arms (AROM, AAROM, PROM, RROM?)

AAROM

The therapist moves the patient’s knee into flexion (AROM, AAROM, PROM, RROM?)

PROM

what is an end feel?

sensation transmitted to the therapist’s hand at the extreme end of the PROM that indicates the structures that limit the joint movement

what are the 5 types of end feels?

hard, firm, soft, boggy, emtpy

is a hard end feel normal or abnormal?

both

is a firm end feel normal or abnormal?

both

is a soft end feel normal or abnormal?

both

is a boggy end feel normal or abnormal?

abnormal

is a empty end feel normal or abnormal?

abnormal

resistance applied by PT, graded on scale of 0/5 - 5/5

manual muscle testing

device used to resist a patient’s motion, numerical value attained (ft-lbs or N)

dynamometry

device used to measure joint angles

goniometer

grading of muscle strength is based on 3 factors, what are the 3 factors?

evidence of contraction, gravity as resistance, amount of manual resistance applied

what is the make test?

resistance must not “break” the muscle contraction so that the patient cannot hold the posistion

what is the break test?

resistance gradually decreases the resistance as the limb segment is felt to fall towards the muscle’s outer range

What is a grade 5 MMT?

full available ROM against gravity and against maximal resistance

What is a grade 4 MMT?

full available ROM against gravity and against moderate resistance

What is a grade 4- MMT?

greater than one half the available ROM against gravity and against moderate resistance

What is a grade 3+ MMT?

(through range) less than one half the available ROM against gravity and against moderate resistance

(isometrically) the full available ROM against gravity and against minimal resistance

What is a grade 3 MMT?

the full available ROM against gravity

What is a grade 3- MMT?

greater than one half the available ROM against gravity

What is a grade 2+ MMT?

less than one half the available ROM against gravity

What is a grade 2 MMT?

the full available ROM gravity eliminated

What is a grade 2- MMT?

less than the full available ROM gravity eliminated

What is a grade 1 MMT?

none of the available ROM gravity eliminated and there is a palpable or observable flicker of a muscle contraction

What is a grade 0 MMT?

none of the available ROM gravity eliminated and there is no palpable or observable muscle contraction

When applying resistance, best practice is to…

never cross another joint