unit 4 biology

Protein synthesis

The process of making proteins (Transcription + Translation)

RNA

A single-stranded nucleic acid used in protein synthesis

Trait

A specific characteristic of an organism

Transcrition

Copying DNA into mRNA

Translation

decoding mRNA into a protein

Central dogma

The concept of the flow of genetic information : DNA → RNA → Protein

Codon

A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid.

Anticodon

A sequence of three nucleotides on a tRNA molecule that

corresponds to a complementary codon on mRNA.

Codon chart

A reference table used to decode mRNA codons into amino acids.

Genome

The complete set of genetic information in an organism.

mRNA

RNA that carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

rRNA

idkkkkkk

tRNA

idk

Uracil

The nitrogen base in RNA that replaces thymine.

hydrogen bond

A weak chemical bond formed when the slightly

positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is

attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another

molecule (holds DNA strands together).

Gene expression

The process of turning a gene “on” to produce a

protein.

initiation

The start of transcription or translation.

Termination

The end of transcription or translation.

Elongation

The stage of transcription/translation where the chain (RNA

or protein) is lengthened.

termination

The end of transcription or translation.

Antiparallel

The opposite orientation of the two DNA strands, where

they run in opposite directions.

uracil

The nitrogen base in RNA that replaces thymine.