chem exam 2

order of electromagnetic spectrum (high frequency to low)

gamma, x ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwaves, radio

high-energy transition of atom

high frequency, short wavelength

low-energy transition of atom

low frequency, long wavelength

principal quantum number

n, size and energy of shell (pos integers)

angular momentum quantum number

l, shape of orbital (0 to n-1)

magnetic quantum number

ml, orbital's orientation in space (-l to +l)

how do metallic characteristics increase on table?

right to left , up to down

how does ionization energy increase on table?

left to right , down to up

strong acids

HCl, HBr, HI, HNO3, HClO4, H2SO4

increasing ionic radius

highest positive charge = smallest radius, highest negative charge = largest radius

Hund’s Rule

for orbitals of equal energy, one electron will occupy each orbital with the same spin before electrons pair in the same orbital

Aufbau Principle

lower energy orbitals should be completely filled before moving on to higher energy orbitals

Pauli Principle

no more than two electrons can occupy one orbital, and if there are 2 electrons in an orbital they must have opposite spins

strong bases

LiOH, NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

common oxidizing agents

higher order

common reducing agents

pure element and metals (K, Na, Al)

what will dissociate?

strong acids, strong bases, soluble ionic compounds

acetate

C2H3O2 (-1 charge)