bns quiz 1

acceptable identifiers

full name, full DOB, personal health number, facial recognition

client identification using transfer document

after confirming the bridge in document with the physician's order, compare the bridge in document with the patient's armband after introducing yourself in their room.

asking about allergies

ask 'do you have any allergies?' make sure to suggest categories such as food, medication, tape, latex, lotion/perfume. If yes, ask for reaction: 'what happens when you have [allergy]?'

safety precautions when leaving a client/patient

brakes on, top 2 side rails are up, bed on lowest level, hand call bell to patient

creating a safer bedside area

bring bedside table and garbage closer, ask the patient if they need anything else

Carrier

A person or animal who has a microorganism but shows no symptoms yet can spread it to others.

Surgical asepsis

a sterile technique that keeps areas completely free of all microorganisms. Used in surgery and invasive procedures.

Disinfection

The process of killing most harmful microorganisms on surfaces or objects.

VRE (vancomycin-resistant enterococcus)

a type of bacteria that lives in the gut but is resistant to vancomycin, a strong antibiotic. It can cause serious infections.

Isolation

separating sick or colonized patients to prevent germs from spreading to others.

Microbial load

the number (amount) of microorganisms living on a surface, in a wound, or in the body.

medical asepsis

also called the 'clean technique.' Practices that reduce and prevent the spread of microorganisms (handwashing, wearing gloves).

antibodies

proteins made by the immune system that fight and destroy specific antigens (like bacteria/viruses).

microorganism

a tiny living thing too small to see without a microscope (bacteria, virus, fungi, protozoa).

reservoir

the natural place where a microorganism lives, grows, and multiples (humans, animals, water, soil, equipment).

MRSA (methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus)

a type of bacteria resistant to many antibiotics. Often spreads in hospitals and can cause skin, wound, or blood infections.

antimicrobial

a substance (like antibiotic, antifungal) that kills or slows the growth of microorganisms.

nosocomial infection/healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

an infection a patient gets while receiving care in a hospital or healthcare setting, not present before admission.

endogenous

infection caused by microorganisms already inside the patient's body (gut bacteria causing UTI).

exogenous

infection caused by microorganisms from outside the body (from another person, equipment, or the environment).

host

the person, animal, or plant in which a microorganism lives and can cause disease.

pathogenicity

the ability of a microorganism to cause disease.

immunity

the body's defense system that protects against infections and diseases.

sterilization

a process that kills all forms of microorganisms, including spores.

fomite

an object or surface that can carry and spread germs (doorknobs, stethoscope, light switch).

infection control

measures and practices used to prevent the spread of infection in healthcare and the community.

vehicle

a way germs are spread through contaminated substances like food, water, blood, or drugs.

biofilm

a slimy layer of microorganisms that stick to surfaces. This is what makes germs harder to kill.

virulence

how strong or harmful a microorganism is—the ability to cause severe disease.

routine precautions

set of infection prevention and control that is used for everyone.

additional routine precautions

equipment that are added to the use of routine precautions (like masks, face shield).

alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR)

can be used when your hands are visibly clean and dry.

soap and water

should be used when your hands are visibly soiled.

chain of infection

a model that outlines the process of infection transmission.

infectious agent

virus / bacteria.

portal of exit

sneezing/coughing.

transmission

how the germ moves (airborne, direct contact, cough).

portal of entry

could be mouth/nose, cuts, nose, eyes.

host susceptibility

someone who can get sick because the body can't fight the virus (newborn/elderly).

point of care risk assessment

before interacting with a patient, assess what the risk of transmission is (type of patient, procedure, bodily fluids, likelihood of splashes, etc).

4 moments of hand hygiene

Before initial patient, Before aseptic procedure, After body fluid exposure, After patient contact.

CONTACT precautions

Clean hands when entering and exiting, Wear gown and gloves.

DROPLET precautions

Clean hands when entering and exiting, Wear a mask and wear facial protection in room.

AIRBORNE precautions

Clean hands when entering and exiting, Wear a N95 mask.

CONTACT AND DROPLET precautions

clean hands when entering and exiting, wear facial protection/eye protection, wear gown, gloves, and mask.

AIRBORNE AND CONTACT precautions

clean hands when entering and exiting the room, wear gloves, N95 mask, and gown.

reverse isolation

a medical practice designed to protect a patient with a severely weakened immune system from external pathogens.

colonized microorganism

a microorganism like MRSA, C. diff, or VRE can live in a person without making them sick (it is like invisible disease).

cytotoxic precautions

special safety measures used when handling cytotoxic drugs.

proper body mechanics

neutral spine, bend at the hips, knees slightly bent, wide base of support, ears in line with shoulders and hips.

Palms up

Position of hands during patient transfer.

Weight on heels

Weight distribution when transferring up or down.

Dorsal part of hand

Part of the hand that should be in contact with the surface during transfer.

Keep elbows close to body

A technique to maintain stability during patient transfer.

Tallest partner's comfort zone

Work within the comfort zone of the tallest partner during patient transfer.

Check lifts and sling for damage

Safety precaution before using lifts.

Correct sling size

Ensure the sling is appropriate for the patient.

Lock brakes on wheelchair/bed

Safety measure during patient transfer (do not lock transfer devices unless parked).

Explain procedure to patient

Informing the patient about the transfer process.

Work with a partner when using lifts

Always have assistance when operating lifts.

Complete Bed Bath

Washing the entire body in bed, usually for paralyzed or weak patients.

Partial Bed Bath

Bathing the face, hands, axillae, genital and rectal areas, back and buttocks.

Assisted Bed Bath

Nurse assists the person with bathing.

Shower temperature

Recommended temperature is 38-43 degrees Celsius.

Limit shower time

Limit to 20 minutes to avoid risks.

Tub Bath temperature

Recommended temperature is 38-43 degrees Celsius.

Whirlpool/Sitz bath

Used for painful conditions like hemorrhoids and uterine cramps.

Medicated bath

Requires physician's order; includes antiseptic bathing.

Tepid bath

Cooling sponge bath given to patients with fever at 34-36 degrees Celsius.

how to perform male peri care

1.     wash clean to dirty

2.     privacy

3.     spray peri-wash on facecloth (NOT DIRECTLY ON SKIN)

4.     check for foreskin & retract to wash (ENSURE ITS PLACED BACK TO AVOID TISSUE DAMAGE)

5.     clean the tip in a circular motion

6.     clean the shaft in a downward motion

how to perform female peri care

wash clean to dirty

privacy

spray peri-wash on facecloth (NOT DIRECTLY ON SKIN)

separate the labia with non-dominant hand. Clean labia with downward strokes (OUTER LABIA TO INNER LABIA)

rectal area is cleansed from perineum to anus

Normal foot care

Inspect feet for cuts, blisters, and dry skin; wash daily.

Diabetic foot care

Do not soak feet; requires extra training or healthcare provider's order.

Nail care

Soak foot to soften nail, cut straight across, and file to shape.

Ear lavage

Insertion of water in the ear canal to remove excess earwax.

Risks of ear lavage

Includes perforation of the tympanic membrane, infection, pain, dizziness, and hearing loss.

independent transfer

can bear weight, are cooperative, can relocate themselves safely with no assistance needed

minimum assistance transfer

• can bear weight

• are cooperative

• can safely relocate themselves

• may require physical/verbal cues

• may require minimal assistance with the help of equipment/personal item

one person transfer with belt

can bear weight, are cooperative, can maintain balance, require one person to provide hands-on assistance to move, may use assistive device like canes

two person transfer with belt

can bear weight, are cooperative, having difficulties maintaining balance, require two person to provide hands-on assistance to move, may use assistive device like walkers or canes

sit to stand

• unable to stand for 15 secs but can bear partial weight

• may be unpredictable

• can keep at least one arm outside the harness

full/total lift

• cannot bear their own body weight

• can be unpredictable

• may be uncooperative

• can not maintain sitting position

• may not be able to follow instructions due yo cognitive/physical disabilities

what are cleansing baths

complete, partial, assisted, shower, tub

shower

- 38-43 degrees Celsius

- not for a person that is too weak to stand or sit

- avoid bath oils (slippery hazard)

- limit to 20 mins

- risks: burns from hot water and fall

tub bath

38-43 degrees Celsius, two people with a client in the tub, can cause a person to feel faint, weak, or tired, limit to less than 20 mins, risks: burns from hot water and fall

types of therapeutic baths

whirlpool/sitz, medicated, tepid (cooling sponge bath)