PAES 414-2:2002 Agricultural Structures - Waste Management Structures Part 2: Agricultural solid waste - Composting

PAES 414-1:2002

Agricultural Structures - Waste Management Structures: Part 1 - Agricultural Liquid Waste

PD 1152

Provisions of the Environmental Code on Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal

RA 9003

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000

agricultural solid waste

wastes resulting from the production and processing of crops and animals or agricultural products, including manures with at least 20% solids, pruning and crop residues wherever produced

bulking agent

any item used to improve the compost structure and to increase porosity to allow internal air movement

C:N ratio

weight ratio of carbon to nitrogen

compost mix

mixture of an organic waste with amendment(s) or bulking agent(s) in the proper proportions to promote aerobic microbial activity and growth and to achieve optimum temperatures

composting

controlled decomposition of organic matter by micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi, into a humus-like product

composting amendment

any item added to the compost mixture that alters the moisture content, C:N ratio, or pH

curing

process where fungi digest the carbons not degraded during composting and further stabilize the nutrients

disposal site

site where solid waste is finally discharged and deposited

hazardous waste

solid waste or combination of solid waste which because of its quantity, concentration, or physical, chemical or infectious characteristics may: cause, or significantly contribute to an increase in mortality or an increase in serious irreversible, or incapacitating reversible, illness

leachate

shall refer to the liquid produced when waste undergo decomposition, and when water percolate through solid waste undergoing decomposition; contaminated liquid that contains dissolved and suspended materials

storage

interim containment of solid waste after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal

windrow composting

involves the arrangement of compost mix in long, narrow piles or windrows that are periodically turned to maintain aerobic conditions

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (AO 34 and 35)

Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003)

Environmental Code on Solid and Liquid Waste Disposal (PD 1152)

The location of solid waste disposal sites shall conform with the existing zoning, land use standards and regulations set by ________________________________________ and other national policies such as _______________________________________ and _____________________________________.

Storage

Composting

Types of solid waste disposal

Windrow composting

Aerated static pile

In-vessel system

Types of Composting

2%

Storage floor shall be concreted and shall have a slope of _____ to one or both sides with openings on the low side to a gutter or surface drain.

150 mm

Floor drains shall be provided with removable grills. Underground non-corrosive pipe

with a diameter of

Feedstock

shall be organic and biodegradable. It shall not contain contaminants or foreign matter or hazardous waste

concrete

Walls shall be

20:1 - 10:1

Ramp slope should be

organic and biodegradable

Feedstock shall be

4 months

Windrow composting time

4 weeks

Aerated static pile composting time

7 - 30 days

In-vessel composting time

25:1 and 40:1

The C:N ratio of the compost mix should be maintained for most compost operations between

25-30

C:N ratio for cattle mannure (with straw)

13

C:N ratio for cattle feedlot

5-8

C:N ratio for Pig manure

6-10

C:N ratio for Poultry manure (fresh)

12-18

C:N ratio for Poultry manure (henhouse litter)

5.5 - 8.0

The recommended pH in the compost mixture should be ________________. Optimum pH control should be accomplished by adding alkaline or acidic materials to the initial mixture.

5%

The composting mass shall be provided with adequate ventilation. At least _____oxygen shall be provided.

55o C

If waste is composted inside a fully enclosed vessel, the waste shall be maintained at a minimum temperature of ______ on at least three different days.

50% - 60%

Moisture content should be maintained ____________ to nourish the composting bacteria.

liquid waste

Leachate from storage and composting shall be treated as _____________

5 mm - 50 mm

Particle size shall be

1 m - 2 m high and 2 m - 5 m wide at the base

Windrows should be

2.4 m - 4.5 m and the width should be twice the depth

The compost mixture height generally ranges from

half the distance of the height.

Individual piles should be spaced about a

1 month - 2 months

The pile

shall not be disturbed for