Modern History Final

Battle of Britain

• 1940
• Nazi bombing of Great Britain

Dunkirk

• 1940
• British evacuation of allied forces from France

Battle of Stalingrad

• 1942-1943
• Battle between Germany and Soviet Union
• Turning point of the Eastern Front

Battle of Midway

• 1942
• Naval battle between United States and Japan
• Turning point of Pacific Front

Truman Doctrine

• 1947
• Early Cold War Policy
• Commercial and military aid to countries to resist communism

Domino Theory

• American Cold War Idea
• Theory that countries neighboring a communist country will also turn communist

Containment

• American Cold War Policy
• Effort to stop domino theory and halt Communism

Robert McNamara

• 1960s
• US Secdef under JFK and LBJ

Curtis LeMay

• 1960s
• American general
• Wanted to bomb North Vietnam into the stone age

Vietnam War

• 1956-1975
• Civil war between North and South Vietnam
• Communist versus Non-Communist

Viet Minh

• 1945-1954
• Vietnamese anti-French guerrilla group
• Eventually oust French

Viet Cong

• 1954-1968
• Vietnamese Communist guerilla group
• Fought in South Vietnam for the North

Dien Bien Phu

• 1954
• Battle between French and Viet Minh
• Devastating French defeat

Dwight Eisenhower

• 1953-1961
• American ex-general turned President
• Continued American containment of Communism

Harry Truman

• 1945-1953
• American President
• Provided support to poor countries to contain Communism

Douglas Macarthur

• 1950s
• American general in Korea
• Proposed nuking Korea and China
• Was fired

Joseph Stalin

• 1922-1952
• Leader of Soviet Union during WWII and early Cold War
• Purged many members and was hyperparanoid

Chiang Kai-Sheck

• 1928-1975
• Leader of the ROC
• Ruled China until kicked out by PRC to Taiwan

Mao Zedong

• 1949-1976
• Leader of the PRC
• Ruled China as a communist leader
• Attempted Great Leap Forward

Taiwan

• 1949
• ROC are kicked to this island by PRC

People's Republic of China

• 1949-present
• Communist state in east Asia

NATO

• 1949-present
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization
• Military coalition to counter Soviet Union

Warsaw Pact

• 1955-1989
• Treaty between Soviet Union and the satellite states
• Military coalition to counter NATO

Berlin Air Lift

• 1948
• Caused by Stalin closing West Berlin
• United States sent supplies by plane to West Berlin

Potsdam Conference

• 1945
• Meeting of Truman

Yalta Conference

• 1945
• Meeting between FDR

Marshall Plan

• 1947
• Plan by George Marshall to provide aid to impoverished Europe
• Plan was to curb Communism

Manhattan Project

• 1942-1945
• Scientific project that created nuclear bombs
• Led to Cold War

Lyndon Johnson

• 1963-1969
• American president after JFK assassination
• Escalated war in Vietnam

Franklin Roosevelt

• 1933-1945
• American president who created New Deal for Great Depression
• Led US through World War II

Adolf Hitler

• 1933-1945
• Dictator of Germany
• Caused WWII and Holocaust

Benito Mussolini

• 1925-1943
• Dictator of Italy
• Was ousted by his own people during WWII

Winston Churchill

• 1940-1945
• Prime Minister of Britain
• Led Britain through WWII

Hideki Tojo

• 1941-1945
• Japanese prime minister
• Led Japan through WWII

Emperor Hirohito

• 1901-1989
• Emperor of Japan
• Was basically a puppet for military power for WWII
• Surrendered to US in WWII

Vichy France

• 1940-1944
• Fascist France under Germany

Vladimir Lenin

• 1870-1924
• Russian revolutionary who brought Communist
• First leader of USSR

Ataturk

• 1923-1938
• First president of Turkey

Populism

• Political doctrine
• Support of powers and rights of common people

Dawes Plan

• 1924
• Post WWI plan to revive German economy through loans
• Failed after Great Depression

Woodrow Wilson

• 1913-1921
• President of US through WWI
• Supported other countries' autonomy

14 Points

• 1918
• Woodrow Wilson's plan for reorganizing Europe after WWI
• Was rejected in favor of Treaty of Versailles

Liberalism

• Political idea emphasizing civil rights and democracy

Realism

• Political idea emphasizing security and stability

Constructivism

• Idea that systems are socially constructed ideas like identity or beliefs

Brexit

• 2016
• Realist policy
• British exit from the EU

David Cameron

• 2010-2016
• Conservative prime minister of Britain
• Resigned after referendum supporting Brexit

Boris Johnson

• 2019-2022
• Conservative prime minister of Britain
• Leading figure in Brexit

Arab Spring

• 2010s
• Anti-government uprisings within Middle East
• Caused by anti-authoritarianism

Globalization

• Late 1900s - Present
• Internationalization of information and trade

Berlin Wall

• 1961-1989
• Wall separating East and West Berlin

Mikhail Gorbachev

• 1985-1991
• Soviet political leader who opens Soviet Union

Glasnost

• 1985
• "Openness"
• Policy by Gorbachev
• Opened information and trade to Soviet Union

Perestroika

• Late 1980s
• "Restructuring"
• Policy by Gorbachev
• Change of Soviet Union towards more privatization

Iranian Revolution

• 1978-1979
• Revolution against the Shah of Iran
• Change of Iran to a Muslim Theocracy

Mohamad Reza Pahlavi

• 1941-1980
• Shah (king) of Iran
• Ousted in Iranian Revolution

Ayatollah Khomeini

• 1979-1989
• Leader of Iran
• Ousts Shah of Iran in favor of Muslim Theocracy
• Also causes hostage crisis with US

Nelson Mandela

• 1994-1999
• South African anti-apartheid leader
• Becomes president of South Africa

Apartheid

• 1948-1994
• South African pro-white anti=black policy
• Segregated South Africa in favor of whites
• Ends with Nelson Mandela

Cold War

• 1940s-1991
• Tension between US and Soviet Union
• Made up of proxy wars between two countries
• Direct fighting avoided due to threat of nuclear war

Algeria

• 1962-Present
• Ex-colony of France
• Fought war of independence

Pan-Africanism

• Movement of unity among all Africans
• Counteracted by tribalism and racism

Jawaharlal Nehru

• 1947-1964
• Indian prime minister
• Worked with Gandhi for Indian independence

Mohandas Gandhi

• 1869-1948
• Nonviolent leader in India
• Led to Indian independence from Britain