CARDIORESPIRATORY SYSTEM
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Function of the Cardiorespiratory System
Circulates blood through the body
Three Components of the Cardiorespiratory System
Heart
Blood Vessels
Respiratory System (Lungs)
Function of the Heart
Pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs and oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body
Pulmonary Circulation
Blood flows on right side to lungs
Systemic Circulation
Blood flows on left side to rest of the body
Venae Cavae
Veins through which oxygen-poor blood enters the right atrium
Atrium
R/L upper chamber that passes blood to the ventricles
Ventricle
R/L lower chamber that passes blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs or rest of the body
Aorta
Largest artery in the body; receives blood from the left ventricle and passes it to the rest of the body
Function of the Heart’s Valves
Prevent blood backflow
Blood Flow through Tricuspid Valve
Right atrium to right ventricle
Blood Flow through Pulmonary Valve
Right ventricle to lungs
Blood Flow through Mitral Valve
Left atrium to left ventricle
Blood Flow through Aortic Valve
Left ventricle to aorta
1st Step of Blood Flow
Oxygen-poor blood flows through venae cavae into the right atrium
2nd Step of Blood Flow
Right atrium fills and pumps blood to the right ventricle
3rd Step of Blood Flow
Right ventricle fills and pumps blood through the pulmonary arteries to the lungs
4th Step of Blood Flow
Blood picks up oxygen and discards carbon dioxide in lungs
5th Step of Blood Flow
Oxygen-rich blood flows to the left atrium through the pulmonary veins
6th Step of Blood Flow
Left atrium fills and pumps blood to the left ventricle
7th Step of Blood Flow
Left ventricle fills and pumps blood through the aorta to the rest of the body
Systole
Heart contraction
Diastole
Heart relaxation
Blood Pressure
Force of blood on blood vessel walls
How is blood pressure read?
Systole/Diastole (beats/rest)
What is the base blood pressure?
120/80mmHg
Which blood pressure would prompt a hypertension diagnosis?
Over 130 systole or over 80 diastole
Types of Blood Vessels
Veins and Arteries
Path of Blood in Veins
Blood to heart
Path of Blood in Arteries
Blood away from heart
What do Endothelial Cells do?
Line blood vessels and secret nitric oxide to stimulate blood flow
Capillaries
Deliver oxygen-rich blood and pick up oxygen-poor blood to/from tissues
Coronary Arteries
Right and left off the aorta; supply the heart with oxygenated blood
Parts of Respiratory System
Lungs, air passages, breathing muscles
Function of Respiratory System
Supply oxygen and remove carbon dioxide to/from body
Alveoli
Air sacs on lungs that allow the oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange between the blood and lungs
Stroke Volume
How much blood the heart pumps per beat
Cardiac Output
How much blood the heart pumps per minute
Metabolic Rate
Rate the body uses energy
Glucose
Sugar used by cells to create ATP
Glycogen
Converted glucose to store in the liver and muscles
ATP
Broken down by cells for energy
What do cells make ATP from?
Glucose, glycogen, fat
Target Heart Rate Zone
65% to 90% of Max Heart Rate
Heart Rate Reserve
MHR - resting heart rate
METs
Unit for resting metabolic rate
Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
Assigned number for perceived target intensity