Chapter 22: The Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

The thyroid is an endocrine gland that regulates metabolic function through the production of all of the following hormones except:
A) thyroxine
B) triiodothyronine
C) thyrocacitonin
D) thryoliberin

thryoliberin

The thyroid gland consist of _____ lobes:
A) three
B) four
C) two
D) six

two

The approximate dimensions of the thyroid gland are:
A) 5 cm in length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth
B) 4 cm in length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
C) 3 cm in length, 5 cm width, 2 cm depth
D) 6 cm in length, 3 cm width, 3 cm depth

5 cm in length, 2 cm width, 2 cm depth

The lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by:
A) ismal tissue
B) the isthmus
C) island tissue
D) parathyroid tissue

the isthmus

All of the following structures form neighboring structures for the thyroid gland except the:
A) longus colli muscle
B) parotid muscle
C) strap muscles
D) sternocleidomastoid muscle

parotid muscle

Sonographically, the normal thyroid gland may be described as having all of the following characteristics except:
A) diffusely homogeneous
B) slightly more echogenic than surrounding muscle
C) fine homogeneous echo texture
D) having a thin, hyperechoic line representing the thyroid capsule

diffusely homogeneous

The pyramid lobe of the thyroid gland extends from the _____.
A) superior right lobe
B) inferior left lobe
C) superior isthmus
D) inferior right lobe

superior isthmus

Which one of the following structures lies medial to the left thyroid lobe?
A) larynx
B) jugular vein
C) strap muscles
D) longus colli muscle

larynx

Approximately 20% of solitary thyroid nodules are _____.
A) cystic
B) adenomas
C) goiters
D) malignant

cystic

The most common cause of thyroid disorders worldwide is which one of the following?
A) hypothyroidism
B) iron defiency
C) iodine deficiency
D) autoimmune process

iodine deficiency

Common disorders associated with hyperthyroidism include all of the following except:
A) toxic adenoma
B) toxic multinodular
C) Grave's disease
D) acute thyroiditis

acute thyroiditis

Which one of the following sonographic features of a thyroid adenoma is the most common?
A) complex echo pattern
B) hyperechoic mass
C) hypoechoic peripheral halo
D) irregular margins

hypoechoic peripheral halo

The parathyroid glands produce a hormone that affects the:
A) liver, colon, and kidneys
B) kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract
C) gastrointestinal tract, breast, and scrotum
D) kidneys, heart, and colon

kidneys, bones, and gastrointestinal tract

The normal parathyroid glands measure less than _____ millimeters (mm).
A) 3
B) 4
C) 5
D) 6

4

The parathyroid glands lie between the _____ borders of the _____ lobes of the thyroid gland.
A) posterior; lateral
B) anterior; lateral
C) anterior; medial
D) posterior; medial

posterior; medial

Usually _____ parathyroid glands exist.
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five

four

A solitary thyroid nodule in the presence of ipsilateral lymphadenopathy suggests which one of the following?
A) adenoma
B) Grave's disease
C) malignancy (follicular carcinoma)
D) hashimoto's thyroiditis

malignancy (follicular carcinoma)

The most common cause of primary hyperthyroidism is which one of the following?
A) thyroid adenoma
B) parathyroid adenoma
C) parathyroid cyst
D) parathyroid hemorrhagic cyst

parathyroid adenoma

A ______ is a palpable midline mass between the thyroid bone and the isthmus of the thyroid gland.
A) carotid aneurysm
B) parathyroid adenoma
C) thyroglossal duct cyst
D) brachial cleft cyst

thyroglossal duct cyst

Which one of the following structures lies posterolateral to the thyroid gland?
A) esophagus (medial)
B) sternocleidomastoid muesle (anterolateral)
C) longus colli muscle
D) omohyoid muscle (anterior)

longus colli muscle

Hyperfunction of all parathyroid glands with no apparent cause occurs with which one of the following?
A) primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands
B) secondary hyperplasia of the thyroid glands
C) primary hyperparathyroidism
D) secondary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands

primary hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands

Increased vascularity with color Doppler, termed the thyroid inferno, is observed in _____.
A) hashimoto's disease
B) Graves' disease
C) de Quervain thyroiditis
D) papillary carcinoma

Graves' disease

The most common cause of thyroid malignancy is _____ carcinoma.
A) papillary
B) medullary
C) anaplastic
D) follicular

papillary

An abnormal lymph node demonstrates which one of the following?
A) homogeneous texture
B) central echogenic complex
C) oval contour
D) round contour

round contour

A cystic formation lateral to the thyroid gland is typically which one of the following?
A) thyroglossal cyst
B) branchial cleft cyst
C) cystic hygroma
D) sublingual cyst

branchial cleft cyst

The thyroid gland develops at the floor of which structure?

a. nasopharynx
b. trachea precursor
c. primitive pharynx
d. maxilla

primitive pharynx