unit 8 bio test: karyotypes and chromosomal mutations

what is a karyotype?

an image taken of chromosomes during mitosis used to identify gender and chromosomal mutations

what 3 key features do scientists use to identify and pair chromosomes?

size, banding pattern, centromere position

what types of chromosomal mutations can be identified with a karyotype?

trisomy, monomy, deletion, duplication, translocation , inversion,

what are the whole chromosomal mutations?

trisomy (karyotype shows entire extra chromosome) and monosomy (karyotype shows a missing chromosome)

what are the partial chromosome mutations?

deletion, duplication, translocation, inversion

what is a deletion?

section of chromosome is missing, chromosome is smaller

what is a duplication?

a section of chromosome is repeated, chromosomes appear larger

what is translocation?

a section of chromosome is detached and reattached to a different chromosome

what is inversion?

a section of chromosome is detached and reattached in wrong direction

what is a nondisjunction ?

the failure of sister chromatids or chromosomes to separate properly during cell division