Lecture Notes on Torque, Gyroscopic Effects and P-Factor

Flashcards reviewing key concepts related to torque, gyroscopic effects, and P-factor in aircraft.

How does torque affect angular momentum?

Torque increases the angular momentum of an object in the direction of the torque.

How is torque calculated?

Torque is force times the distance from the rotating axis (radius).

How do you determine the direction of torque?

Use the right-hand rule: point fingers in the direction of the radius, curl them in the direction of the force, and the thumb points in the direction of the torque.

What happens to the angular momentum of a wheel when a torque is applied?

The angular momentum of the wheel is increased in the direction of the torque.

In a wheel hanging from one side, what force creates a torque?

The weight of the wheel pulling down, applied at a distance from the pivoting point.

What is the effect of gyroscopic precession?

When a force is applied, the resulting force takes effect 90 degrees ahead of and in the direction of rotation.

What is P-factor (asymmetric propeller loading)?

P-factor is when one side of the propeller has more bite to the air than the other, typically the downward moving blade.

What is the effect of P-factor?

More thrust is generated on one side of the propeller, creating a force that tends to pull the aircraft to the left.

What are the four left-turning tendencies?

Torque, corkscrewing effect of the slipstream, gyroscopic precession, and P-factor.

Why is right rudder needed during takeoff?

To counteract the combined effects of the left-turning tendencies.