Plant bodies

Flowering plant ( and produces seeds)

What is an angiosperm

non flowering plant

What is an gymnosperm

photosynthesis

When a plant captures light to turn it into a food source

non flowering plants require water to move gametes

What is the major difference between flowering and non flowering plants

algae, mosses, and ferns

What are some examples of plants that do not make seeds

eudicot

A plant that produces two seed leaves and has a fibrous root

monocot

Plant that produces one seed leaf and has a tap root

Dermal, vascular, and ground tissue

The three types of plant tissue

Forms a covering on the outer surface of leaves, stems and roots

What is the main function of dermal tissue and where is it found

The epidermis

What does dermal tissue form

Prevents evaporative water loss , prevents damage to leaves, and protect leaves from pathogens and herbivores

What is the purpose of the waxy cuticle on a leaf’s epidermis

Trichomes

What are the hairs on the leafs epidermis called

oils and excess salts used for balancing ions

What do trichomes secrete

Protect leaves and prevent evaporative water loss

What is the purpose of trichomes

Dry areas

Where are plants with trichomes commonly found

absorb water and nutrients

What is the function of the root epidermis

increases surface area- higher rate of exchange/ water absorbtion

What is the function of root hairs

ground tissue ( chloroplasts)

In what tissue does photosynthesis occur

Support and structure, site of photosynthesis, storage of carbohydrates

What are the functions of ground tissue

ferns, seed plants, woody plants

In what plants is vascular tissue found

xylem and phloem

What area the two types of vascular tissue

transports water and ions

What is the function of the vascular tissue xylem

transports carbohydrates and other nutrients

What is the function of the vascular tissue phloem

Roots, stems, and leaves

What are the three types of organs in plants

Shoot system

What system do multiple stems and leaves form

branches buds and leaves

What do shoot systems produce

root system

What system do multiple roots form

flowers, buds, branches, seeds, and fruits

Give some examples of organ systems in plants

it is interdeterminate ( continue to grow throughout their life)

What is unique about a plant’s growth

region of undifferentiated cells ( youthful stem cells) that produce new tissues by cell division

What is a meristem

Produce new tissues in specialized areas

What is the main function of a meristem

a meristem at the tip of every shoot

What is a shoot apical meristem

root apical meristem

What is the meristem that is at the tip of every root

expanding size of existing cells and producing more

How do plants grow in size

stem node, internode, and leaf and bud axillary meristems

What does the shoot module consist of

many apical meristems located in shoots and roots

What do embyonic apical meristems give rise to

behind apical meristems

Where do primary meristems develope

protoderm, forms the epdermis

What are the primary meristems of dermal tissue and what does it do

Procambium, produces primary xylem and phloem

What are the primary meristems of vascular tissue and what does it do

ground meristem, forms ground tissues

What are the primary meristems of ground tissue and what does it do

causes stem elongation and produces new primary tissues

What is the function of a primary meristem

lateral meristems

What helps a plant grow in girth

coordinate plant development and act as chemical messengers

What is the function of plant hormones

may give rise to secondary lateral meristems

What do primary meristems give rise to

woody plants

In what plants do secondary meristems usally arise

increase diameter of stems and roots by producing secondary tissues

What do secondary meristems do

secondary xylem and phloem

What is the secondary vascular tissue

bark

What is an example of secondary dermal tissue

thickening of older stems and roots

What does secondary growth do in stems

vascular tissues have secondary growth along their stems that grow the tree in circumfrence

How is wood formed by secondary growth

An undifferentiated cell that is found in meristems

What is a stem cell

Support and protection

What is the function of wood

thin ring of tissue near the outer edge

A majority of wood is dead, where is the only living part located

meristem in the upper angles of a tree ( in the armpit) where a new shoot or leaf emerges

What is an axillary meristem

apical meristems

Where do axillary meristems arise from

an axillary bud

What do axiallary meristems generate

New flowers or branches

What does an axillary bud produce

true

true or false apical meristems may give rise to axillary meristems in axillary buds

wherever there is a meristem new organs can grow, and their are repeated units

What does it mean for plants to be modular

change their form to take advantage of opportunities or respond to challenges such as low moisture , low sunlight, or little space to grow

What do meristems allow plants to do

blade

What is the flattened portion of a leaf called

the stalk atteching leaf to stem

What is a petiole

leaves

What are the primary site for photosynthesis

flat shape helps to absorb solar energy and thin to avoid overheating

What are the advantages of the leaf shape

layer on outer surface of leaf epidermis cells

What is a cuticle on a leaf

allows carbon dioxide enter leaves, and water vapor and oxygen to exit

What is the function of stomata

Bundles of vascular tissue

What are leaf veins composed of

simple and compound

What are the two types of leaf shapes

Parallel and palmate

What are the two ways that leaf veins are organized

They reflect adaptations to environmental challenges and reflect the conditions of their environment

Why do leaves have different shapes

More predators for this plant, direct sunlight, differences in moisture

Why might the thickness of a waxy cuticle be different between species

Tendrils

What provides support for a leaf

bud scales and spines

What provide protection on leaves

bracts

What part of the leaf functions for attraction

helps with attachment to structures

What is the function of threadlike tendrils

horizontal stems that store food for renewing growth of the shoot after periods of stress

What is a rhizome

ginger and iris

What are examples of plants that produce rhizomes

Swollen regions of stems that store food for subsequent growth

What is a tuber

potatoes and yams

What are examples of plants that produce tubers

Stem from which modified fleshy leaves develope to store nutrients

What is a bulb

low surface to volume ratio and store large amounts of water

What is a succulent stem

desert or very dry areas

Where are plants with succulent stems usually found

Protect plants from grazing animals

What are the function of thorns

modified leaves that aprotect plants from grazing animals

What is a spine

Absorb water and nutrients, store nutrients, and anchor plant in soil

What are the three functions of roots

Tap root is long and skinny and a fibrous root is wide with many branches

What is the difference between a tap root and fibrous root

Root apical meristem and root cap, zone of elongation, and zone of maturation

What are the three zones in roots

protects developing tissues

What is the function of a root cap

Pushes the root tip through the soil

What is the function of the zone of elongation

Zone of maturation

In what zone do you find root hairs

Root cell differentiation and specialization

What is the function of the zone of maturation

no

Do roots have a waxy cuticle

Central vascular bundle

What conducts water and nutrients in roots

pericycle

What meristemic tissueguves rise to branch roots

support, gas exchange, and storage

What three forms and functions that roots may change

spores

What does meiosis produce in plants, like it does gametes in animals

gametophytes

What developes from spores

it is multicellular

What is unique about a plants haploid generation

produces specialized haploid cells by mitosis that fuse together to form this

How does a plant form a diploid zygote

diploid

What is the dominant growth form for plants