Sleep/Nutrition

TPN

only used for people who are unable to digest food and absorb nutrients through the GI tract; bowel obstruction, colon cancer, and impaired GI function

central line

the route TPN must be administered

aseptic technique

how TPN should be administered; it can grow bacteria easily

temazepam

short-term treatment for insomnia; do not combine with alcohol

gabapentin

drug of choice for restless leg syndrome

restless leg syndrome

various sensory symptoms that prevent sleeping; bugs crawling, pins and needles, numbness, pain

iron

check levels before giving treatment for restless leg syndrome

serum ferritin

low levels of this is a primary contributor to RLS

diuretics

help eliminate excess fluids and maintain a client’s health; interfere with sleep if taken at night; decreased quality of life

zolpidem

sedative-hypnotic medication used for the short-term treatment of insomnia; 10 days or less; avoid alcohol

narcolepsy

daytime sleepiness and can impede a person’s life

modafinil

promotes wakefulness in narcolepsy patients

sleep hygiene

specific time to sleep each night with regular bedtime routine, removing sleep distractions from the bedroom, eliminating caffeine and exercise before sleep, going to sleep at nights only when sleepy

magnesium sulfate

used to treat torsade de pointes

vitamin A

deficiency causes impaired night vision and can eventually cause total blindness

vitamin B12

deficiency causes mood swings, paresthesia in the extremities, and pernicious anemia

vitamin B9

deficiency causes neural tube defects such as spina bifida and anencephaly

vitamin C

deficiency causes poor iron absorption

A,D,E,K

fat soluble vitamins

fat soluble vitamins

stored in the body; less likely to be deficient in patients; toxicity is more likely to occur since they are stored and not excreted

pregnant

avoid taking excess vitamin A; causes birth defects

surgery

should avoid taking vitamin E; causes bleeding risk

anticoagulants

patients on these should eat a consistent amount of vitamin K to not interfere with their medications

vitamin K

found in green leafy vegetables

PPIs

patients on these have minimized B12 absorption and may need to take a supplement to prevent deficiency

anemia

patients with this who take iron supplements should avoid taking iron with dairy products; limits absorption of the iron

osteoporosis

patients with this need to take vitamin D with their calcium

peripheral neuropathy

side effect of isoniazid treatment; can be alleviated with vitamin B6

folic acid

vitamin B9

vitamin B9

women of childbearing age should take this to prevent birth defects

vitamin B12 deficiency

dizziness, heart palpitations, anxiety, GI disturbances, and numbness in fingers

animal products

good sources of vitamin B12; eggs, cheese, yogurt, fish, and lean meats

thiamine

vitamin B12

vitamin B12

deficiency occurs in alcoholics with malnutrition; give in banana bag upon admission

wernicke’s encephalopathy

neurological condition caused by deficiency in thiamine

scurvy

caused by deficiency in vitamin C; bleeding gums, petechiae, and easy bruising

water soluble vitamins

are not stored in the body and need to be regularly obtained through the diet or supplements

vitamin E

found in avocados, olive oil, and nuts

calcium

dairy, sardines, and tofu are high in this

vitamin C

citrus fruits, mangoes high in this

iron

beef, oysters, and beans are high in this

vitamin B1

cereals and whole grains are high in this

garlic

may cause slow blood clotting which may increase the risk for hemorrhage during and after surgery; stop 10 days/2 weeks before dental work

ginseng

may lower the blood sugar and should be monitored closely with clients who have T2DM

vitamin D overdose

bone pain and kidney stones; patient is absorbing too much calcium