psych exam 2 flashcard set 1

1. What process occurs when a sperm cell penetrates an egg's outer coating?

Fertilization.

2. What major developmental stage occurs during the first two weeks after conception?

Germinal stage.

3. What is the developing baby called during the fetal stage?

Fetus.

4. What is the primary function of the placenta?

Transfers nutrients, oxygen, antibodies, and hormones from mother to fetus.

5. What is the rooting reflex?

A baby's instinct to turn their head towards a gentle touch.

6. What does the sucking reflex involve?

Instinctively sucking on anything that touches the roof of their mouth.

7. At what age do most babies begin to sit independently?

6 months.

8. At what age do babies typically start crawling?

8-9 months.

9. When do most babies begin walking independently?

15 months.

10. What developmental milestone occurs between ages 3-6 years?

Frontal lobe development.

11. What is object permanence and at what age do infants typically develop it?

Knowing that an object doesn’t disappear when hidden; develops around 8 months.

12. What is the primary focus of the preoperational stage?

Memory and language development.

13. What is conservation in child development?

Understanding that mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in form or shape.

14. What is imprinting?

The process where the first animal they see is perceived as their mother; requires ability to move after birth.

15. What did the Harlow study reveal about infants and attachment?

Monkeys showed great anxiety when separated from their cloth mother.

16. What is secure attachment?

Infants explore the environment happily, feel distress when the mother is gone, but are happy upon her return.

17. What characterizes insecure attachment (anxious-resistant)?

Being overly clingy and anxious, showing stress when the mother is present and absent.

18. Do older people become more susceptible to short-term illnesses?

No, they have strong immune systems.

19. Does memory decline with age?

Yes, but not all aspects decline significantly.

20. What does the DSM stand for?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.

21. What is the purpose of the DSM?

Defines a diagnostic process and various clinical syndromes.

22. What was the outcome of David Rosenhan’s field study?

It revealed flaws in the psychiatric system as individuals were misdiagnosed.

23. What is generalized anxiety disorder?

Chronic and exaggerated worry and tension with persistent tenseness and arousal.

24. What is the most common anxiety disorder?

Social anxiety.

25. What is a panic disorder?

A sudden surge of intense fear and anxiety, often involving chest pain or terror.

26. What defines obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Persistence of unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or senseless rituals (compulsions).

27. What does PTSD stand for?

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.

28. What are the four main symptoms of PTSD?

Re-experiencing, avoidance, arousal, and mood symptoms.

29. What process occurs when a sperm cell penetrates an egg's outer coating?

Fertilization.

30. What major developmental stage occurs during the first two weeks after conception?

Germinal stage.

31. What is the developing baby called during the fetal stage?

Fetus.

32. What is the primary function of the placenta?

Transfers nutrients, oxygen, antibodies, and hormones from mother to fetus.

33. What is the rooting reflex?

A baby's instinct to turn their head towards a gentle touch.

34. What does the sucking reflex involve?

Instinctively sucking on anything that touches the roof of their mouth.

35. At what age do most babies begin to sit independently?

6 months.

36. At what age do babies typically start crawling?

8-9 months.

37. When do most babies begin walking independently?

15 months.

38. What developmental milestone occurs between ages 3-6 years?

Frontal lobe development.

39. What is object permanence and at what age do infants typically develop it?

Knowing that an object doesn’t disappear when hidden; develops around 8 months.

40. What is the primary focus of the preoperational stage?

Memory and language development.