Animal cells

Anatomy

The study of the structure of the body

Physiology

The study of the function of the body

Cell membrane

Structure: surrounds the cytoplasm and other organelles

Function: Allows things to enter and exit the cell; gets rid of waste, gives the cell shape, forms tissue with neighbors, helps cells communicate, is the outer layer that holds cells together.

Found in animal and plant cells

Nucleus

Structure: Houses chromosomes/DNA-the genetic code

Function: Control center, tells other organelles what to do

Duplicates and stores genetic information

Makes ribosomes

Sends commands to ribosomes for protein synthesis

The “brain” of a cell; directs all activities and contains genetic information

Found in animal and plant cells

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus; no membrane; contains proteins and nucleic acids

Function: aids in production of ribosomes, functions as a reservoir for RNA

Found in animal and plant cells

Cytoplasm

Gel-like liquid that fills the cell

Function: Provides a suspension to organelles so they move around easier

Cytoplasm holds water and nutrients

Found in animal and plant cells

Cytoskeleton

Structure: Fibers found in cytoplasm

Function: Acts like a skeleton and muscles; aids in shape, support, and movement

Found in all cells

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Structure: Flattened sacs/tubes; connected to nucleus. It comes in Smooth or rough (ribosomes attached)

Function: Transports proteins and other

molecules around the eukaryotic cell

Found in both Animal and Plant cell

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Lipid synthesis

Detoxification of alcohol and drugs

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Protein synthesis

(has dots aka ribosomes)

Ribosomes

Structure: Small dots; attaches to ER or float freely in cytoplasm

Function: Synthesizes protein (production)

Found in both Animal and Plant cell

Golgi Bodies (Golgi Apparatus/Complex)

Structure: curved shaped sacs; Contain enzymes; found between the ER and cell membrane

Function: Packages Proteins. Manufactures carbohydrates and packages secretions for discharge from the cell

Found in both Animal and Plant cell

Mitochondria

Converts food we eat into energy we use

Structure – Double membrane organelle with inner folds

Function – Converts glucose molecules into energy.

Serves as sites of cellular respiration and energy production; stores ATP.

Found both in Animal and Plant cell

Lysosomes

Break down cellular waste into building blocks

Structure – small, circular organelle that

contains enzymes

Function – Digest old cells parts; Aids with removal of waste

Found in some plant and animal cells

Vacuoles

Structure - much larger in plant cells than animal cells

Function – Storage site of water, nutrients, and waste

Found in Both plant and animal cell

Cilia

Structure – Hair like projections

Function – Aids in movement

Found in some animal cells; unicellular

organisms

Lung cells use cilia to move mucus out of the lungs

Flagella (Flagellum)

Structure – Tail like projections

Function – Aids in movement

Found in some animal cells; unicellular

organisms

A sperm cell uses its flagellum to swim

through the female reproductive tract

Centriole

Structure – found in pairs; tube like structures n a cylinder pattern.

Function - Aids in cell division (mitosis)

Found in Animal cell only

Chromatin

Function act as packaging elements for the DNA

Found in both Animal and Plant Cell

Cell wall

Structure - rigid; surrounds plants cells Function – Provides support, protection Found in plant cell only

Chloroplast

Structure - Filled with chlorophyll; contains stacks of discs Function - Site of photosynthesis – which makes food for plant cells. Found in Plant cell only