FOLDS AND FAULTING

LAYERS

• accumulation between two surfaces

• less sediment around the edges

• diastromes between layers

• diaclase go through multiple layers (velebit and dinarides)

FOLDS

• deformation of layers with wave-like bending

• subduction, side pressure, compression, elevation or lowering parts of continets

• anticlines and sinclines

• top of anticline is crest

• axis plane goes through the crest downwards

FAULTS

• parts of the lithosphere formed due to displacements of rocks

• spreading, subduction, horizontal displacement of plates

• medvednica, schwarzwald

TECTONIC RIDGE

• formed by lowering parts of the crust along a fault

• rhine valley, dead sea, eastafrican ditch

onlay (navlaka)

• parts of the lithosphere where older layers cover the younger ones

• result of compression in the orogeny stage of the formation of the crust

• alps, gorski kotar, istra

EPIROGENIC MOVEMENTS

• longterm movements of the crust which lead to faulting, folding and onlays

• lowering makes oceans and seas, elevating makes land

• regression (land↑ sea↓)

• transgression (sea↑ land↓)

• scandinavia, greenland, apeninski poluotok

• netherlands, south china