Cardio

Vocabulary flashcards covering the components, functions, disorders, diagnostic procedures, and treatments related to the cardiovascular system, derived from lecture notes.

heart

Receives and pumps blood to blood vessels.

veins

large blood vessels carrying blood to the heart.

venules

small blood vessels connecting capillaries to veins.

arteries

large blood vessels receiving blood away the heart.

arterioles

small blood vessels connecting capillaries to arteries.

capillaries

smallest blood vessels; site of gas exchange.

Right Atrium

Upper chamber on the right; receives deoxygenated blood from the body.

Tricuspid Valve

Between right atrium and right ventricle; prevents blood backflow.

Left Atrium

Upper chamber on the left; receives oxygenated blood from the lungs.

Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve

Between left atrium and left ventricle; allows blood into ventricle.

Aortic Valve

Between left ventricle and aorta; controls blood flow to the body.

Pulmonary Valve

Between right ventricle and pulmonary trunk; directs blood to lungs.

Superior Vena Cava

Brings deoxygenated blood from the upper body into the heart.

Aorta

Major blood vessel; oxygenated blood leaves heart to body.

Endocardium

Inner lining of the heart.

Myocardium

The heart muscle.

Epicardium

Outer layer of the heart (visceral pericardium).

Visceral pericardium

Inner layer of heart covering (epicardium).

Parietal pericardium

Middle layer of heart covering.

Fibrous pericardium

Outer layer of heart covering.

Pulmonary arteries

Carry deoxygenated blood away from heart to lungs.

Pulmonary veins

Carry oxygenated blood to the heart.

white blood cells

leukocytes; fight pathogens; (monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, basophils)

red blood cells

erythrocytes; contain hemoglobin, bind to O_{2}.

Platelets 

thrombocytes - Tiny cells; aid hemostasis (blood clotting) when injured.

Hemoglobin

Protein in red blood cells that binds to oxygen.

Plasma

Watery blood fluid; contains plasma proteins and ions.

Plasma proteins

Essential proteins in plasma; maintain fluid balance, fight disease.

Ions

charged particles - for nerve impulse conduction, muscle cell contraction etc.

Arrhythmia

Abnormal heartbeat rhythm or brady/tachy

Atrial flutter

Atrial muscle cells don't contract synchronously.

Ventricular fibrillation

Ventricular muscle cells don't contract synchronously.

Cardiodynia

Pain in heart/region of heart

Cardiogenic Shock

Decreased blood pumped by heart; can lead to hypoxia.

Cardiomyoliposis

Fatty degeneration of the myocardium.

Cardionecrosis

Death of myocardial tissue.

Pericardial Effusion

Fluid accumulation between heart and pericardium.

Aneurysm

Abnormal dilation or weakening of a blood vessel wall.

Angiostenosis

Narrowing of a blood vessel.

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Disrupted blood flow to brain; brain tissue death.

Leukemia

Blood cancer; increased immature white blood cells.

Vasculitis

Inflammation of blood vessels.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of veins.

Arteritis

Inflammation of arteries.

Angiocardiogram

Heart/major blood vessel images after radiocontrast injection into coronary arteries

Auscultation

Listening for sounds (ex. heart murmurs).

Cardiac catheterization

Catheter insertion into heart via vein/artery to observe heart/vessels.

Hematocrit

Percentage of red blood cells by volume in blood.

Polycythemia

Higher than normal percentage of red blood cells.

Anemia

Fewer than normal percentage of red blood cells.

Nuclear stress test

Uses radioactive material to show heart blood flow before/after exercise.

EKG

Machine recording heart's electrical activity (often during exercise).

Phlebography/Venography

Radiographic test; dye injected into vein for image of that extremity

Deep vein thrombosis

Blood clot on deep vein wall (often lower extremity).

Embolus

Blood clot that breaks loose and travels through bloodstream.

Embolism

Condition where an embolus lodges in a blood vessel, blocking circulation.

Phlebotomy

Needle puncture or surgical opening of a vein to withdraw blood.

Sphygmomanometer

Device measuring blood (pressure) in an artery (blood pressure cuff).

Angioplasty

Procedure to widen or reopen narrowed blood vessels to restore normal blood flow

Antihypertensives

Medications to lower high blood pressure.

Cardiectomy

Surgical removal of heart or major blood vessels for transplant.

Cardioinhibitory

Medication/process curbing heart action by slowing/reducing blood pumped.

Coronary artery bypass

Surgery to bypass blocked coronary artery using another blood vessel from somewhere else in the body

Defibrillation

Electrical shock to stop independent contraction of ventricle muscle cells.

Sinoatrial node

Electrical bundle in heart that initiates heartbeat.

Valvoplasty

Surgical repair or replacement of a heart valve.