Prokarya vs Eukarya vs Virus

Prokaryotic macroorganisms?

None known

Prokaryotic microorganisms?

Archaea, bacteria

Eukaryotic macroorganisms?

Eukarya

• animals

• plants

Eukaryotic microorganisms?

Eukarya

• algae

• fungi

• protozoa

Do bacteria have a nuclear membrane?

No

Do archaea have a nuclear membrane?

no

Do eukarya have a nuclear membrane?

yes

Do bacteria have a plasma membrane?

Rare, a few types found in a few species

Do archaea have a plasma membrane?

Rare, a few types found in a few species

Do eukarya have a plasma membrane?

multiple distinct types, found in all species

Do bacteria have a cell wall?

found in nearly all species, constructed of peptidoglycan

Do archaea have a cell wall?

Found in nearly app species, constructed of various materials

Do eukarya have a cell wall?

found in some species, constructed of various materials

Do bacteria have RNA polymerases?

single polymerase

Do archaea have RNA polymerases?

single polymerase, eukaryal-like rna pol II

Do eukarya have RNA polymerases?

3 main polymerases (RNA, pol I, II, III)

Do bacteria have histones?

histone-like proteins

Do archaea have histones?

yes

Do eukarya have histones?

yes

Eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells. How?

• Contain membrane-enclosed structures (organelles).

• mitochondria, chloroplasts, nucleus

• prokaryotes don’t have these structures

archaea are more closely related to ____ than they are to bacteria

eukarya

eukaryotic indicates?

nucleus is present in cell

Can viruses replicate & evolve? Why or why not?

Are they considered alive? Why or why not?

1. yes b/c possesses nucleic acids

2. no b/c they can only replicate & evolve in association with a host (no host = insert particles)

Are viruses alive? Why? (3)

No

• don’t replicate outside of a host cell

• little to no biochemical activity outside of a host cell

• inert & nonreactive outside of a host cell

Cell sizes - eukaryotic cells

• range

10 μm to >200μm

Cell sizes - prokaryotes

• length/diameter

• rod-shaped bacteria width & length

• are there a lot of large prokaryotes?

0.2 μm to > 700μm in length/diameter

• most rod-shaped bacteria btwn 0.5 μm-4 μm wide and 1-15 μm long

• very few “large” prokaryotes

Many prokaryotes possess ___, which they use to propel themselves.

flagella

The ability for prokaryotes to propel themselves is called?

Motiliy

Are viruses bigger or smaller than prokaryotes & eukaryotes?

Usually smaller - 10-100 nm.

Molecular adaptations for thermal stability in bacteria

Modifications in cytoplasamic membrane. Saturated fatty acids in bacteria

Molecular adaptations for thermal stability in archaea

Phospholioid bilayer in archaea more thermotolerant than bilayers